lectures

Question 1

L1 what was Norman Triplett’s famous propositions and studies

Answer 1

• cycling experiment
• when in company of others/ competition, you perform better –> running example with 2 students at the lecture

Question 2

L1 according to Ringelmann, does adding more people tugging the rope increase strength (chances of winning)?

Answer 2

no, due to social loafing and ineffective pulling

Question 3

L1 william james theory of emotion

Answer 3

we don’t feel scared then run away, our body reacts and then we run away
e.g. you see a bear, body starts sweating and having physiological responses, due to that, your emotions are affected

Question 4

L1how does cannon and bard theory of emotion differ to william james theory of emotion?

Answer 4

to cannon and bard, you first interpret the situation and then decide how to react

Question 5

L1 cannon and bard experiment with the injections

Answer 5

this supports the 2 factor theory of emotion

Question 6

L1 cannon and bard 2 factor theory of emotion

Answer 6

Physical response + cognitive attribution = interpretation of the situation then decide how to act

Question 7

L1 excitation transfer model Zillman (1979)

Answer 7

roller coaster experiment

Question 8

L2 Sheriff dot experiment

Answer 8

• tell experimenter the distance that the dot moved
• participants were fooled that the dot moved
• 2 phases: individual experiment, group experiment
• results: individuals established a stable answer. there was even a collective mode and median
• if one person in the room did not conform and actually gave the right answer, everyone else would also give the right answer. it only takes one person to break conformity

Question 9

L2 based off sheriff’s line experiment, what did he conclude about truth?

Answer 9

• sheriff then suggested that norms and truths are socially constructed
• groups unite and and become powerful

Question 10

L 2 a statement that describes normative

Answer 10

“I want to be accepted”

Question 11

L2 a statement that describes informative

Answer 11

“i want to know the truth”

Question 12

L2 what did milgram want to figure out in his shock experiment

Answer 12

how far people will go (how far will participant shock a participant) if they had the pressure to obey the rules of the experimenter

Question 13

L2 factors that make people obey

Answer 13

social impact theory – strength, immediacy, and number

Question 14

L2 social impact theory

Answer 14

Social impact theory is a model that conceives of influence from other people as being the result of social forces acting on the individual. The likelihood that someone will respond to social influence is thought to increase with the strength of the source, the immediacy of the event, and the number of sources exerting the impact.

Question 15

L2 Haslam & reich experiment social identity approach to obedience

Answer 15

• understanding why ppl obey
• ppl went along but they saw that as soon as they told participants “you have no choice but to continue” they wanted to stop
• suggests ppl are willing to go far as long as they think it’s the right thing or they have choice/ free will

Question 16

L2 name Raven’s 6 power bases

Question 17

how is the black pete situation in NL an example of minority influence?

Answer 17

• he minority (a small group of ppl) said that this was fucked up but most ppl said black pete had to stay because it was a tradition but slowly the public opinion changed
• gradually there were changes: this is an example of minority influence. so now if you believe black pete is okay, you are the minority because social norms have changed. so now the minority became the majority

Question 18

L2 Serge Moscovici private conformity

Question 19

L2 Serge Moscovici personal conformity

Question 20

L3 what was the aim of the stanford prison experiment

Answer 20

examine what a bad place can do to good ppl

Question 21

L3 what is some criticism of the stanford prison experiment

Answer 21

• participants in an experiment really wanna be good participants because they wanna help the experimenter
• but this is a bad thing because experimenters want ppl to act naturally and not in a socially acceptable
• “screw you” effect is the opposite of this, ppl wanna rebel against the experiment

Question 22

what did Banuazini & Movahedi (1975) find out/discuss about the stanford prison experiment

Answer 22

• SPE actually copied david jaffe’s experiment
• before the experiment even was over, zimbardo was already writing about the findings of the day, maybe this suggested he had bias towards what results he wanted to see
• • participants said this didnt feel real and they were “just acting out their role”
• zimbardo said it was a misunderstanding that ppl could not leave but he explicitly stated no one was allowed to leave

Question 23

did the “guards” in the experiment do cruel acts to the prisoners themselves?

Answer 23

no. they did not do it out of the blue and have full ill intent. they did not know they were part of the experiment, hence, they were not acting the way they usually would, they were trying to fulfill their duty so that the experiment would work. Also, they were given a list of suggestions of cruel acts to do to the inmates.

Question 24

from the Stanford prison experiment, what can we learn to do better on our future experiments?

Answer 24

• the well-being of ppl should be most considered in the study
• strong influence of demand characteristics
• be honest when reporting data
• make your studies replicable
• don’t dramaticize the study

Question 25

L3 what is social identity theory

Answer 25

• ppl dont automatically conform to group norms, there’s more going on:
  
  • when people make the group part of their social concept and identity

Question 26

identifying yourself to the group depends on 2 things..

Answer 26

perceived status of group (we tend to want to be on top or in the best group)
+
perceived permeability (is it easy for you to leave the group? if youre not stuck and can leave easily, why adopt the groups values and rules etc)

Question 27

L3 identity leadership by Haslam & reicher

Answer 27

1. shared ingroup identity (a sense of “us”)
2. group goals are noble (you cherish and value the goals)
3. clear goals and actions (work out the steps to achieve those goals)

Question 28

according to Haslam and reicher theory of identity leadership, were the guards being bad people in the SPE?

Answer 28

the guards were not being bad people, they wanted to be good participants to help the greater good of the experiment

Question 29

L3 How does MIlgram’s obedience study link to identity leadership?