head in the clouds

Question 1

aim of the rollercoaster “love at first fright” article

Answer 1

examine effects of residual nervous system arousal on perceptions of sexual attraction. So what the effects of excitation transfer are in regards to sexual attraction

Question 2

in “love at first fright” article, what was the difference in results of ppl with romantic partners and non romantic partners when they rated the photo?

Answer 2

For all genders riding with a non romantic partner→ higher rating for the photo when they came out of ride than when they went in
Riding with romantic partner → no significant difference when entering or exiting the ride.

Question 3

excitation transfer theory - by who

Answer 3

Zillman (1971)
Proposes that residual excitement from a previous arousing stimulus or event, can transfer onto later events resulting in making ones emotional states intensified

Question 4

step by step role of sympathetic nervous system in excitation transfer

Answer 4

• when it’s aroused, it doesn’t just abruptly go back to neutral when the stimulus that is eliciting the arousal stops, it gradually declines
  -Then if a person is in an emotion-eliciting situation, they can misattribute the residual excitement to their current situation, intensifying it.

Question 5

what’s the difference between residual arousal and excitation transfer

Answer 5

residual arousal is just the mere state after ur nervous system reacts to a emotion-eliciting stimulus and it is in the period where its declining. excitation transfer is precisely when u misattribute that residual arousal and use it to heighten the emotion u feel fr another situation/person

Question 6

what does anxiety relief have to do with the resuts of the study

Answer 6

it is an additional explanation as to why ppl that exited the rollercoaster

Question 7

what does anxiety relief have to do with the results of the study

Answer 7

it is an additional explanation as to why ppl that exited the rollercoaster rated the photo higher for attractiveness. stress from getting on may have blocked their feelings of attraction but now that there is no danger they can relax and feel attraction.

Question 8

what are the general speculations of article 2 (sexual attraction and anxiety)

Answer 8

theres a connection between aggression and sexual attraction
A lot of speculation and evidence suggesting that sexual attraction is more likely to happen when you’re experiencing strong emotion

Question 9

Barclay and haber (1965) classroom experiment

Answer 9

• control group: class with teacher
• other class had teacher that provoked/angered students
• both groups tested on aggressive feelings and how sexually aroused they felt atm.
• result: way more sexual arousal from provoked group

Question 10

Aron (1970) agrees there’s am aggression-sexuality link in his experiment, but…..

Answer 10

he says it’s more general. proposes that any form of arousal can enhance sexual arousal. his study shows how residual arousal from role playing with attractive female confederate increases arousal. more intense role play scenarios, more desire to kiss confederate. also,

Question 11

Schacter & singer theory of emotion

Answer 11

environmental cues are used in certain circumstances to provide emotional labels for unexplained or ambiguous

Question 12

when does Aron think strong emotions are labeled as sexual attraction?

Answer 12

when there is someone they can attribute it to and when their whole focus doesnt have to be on what is making them aroused in the first place.

Question 13

James-lange theory of emotion

Answer 13

physical reaction determines emotion. see a stimulus–> have a physiological response –> emotion.
e.g at cinema watching a movie, you start crying, THEN realize you’re sad

Question 14

Cannon-bard theory of emotion

Answer 14

Stimulis → both brain and arousal happen at same time
example:

Question 15

Schachter and singer’s 2 factor theory of emotion

Answer 15

there are 2 factors that cause emotion experience
1. physiological (arousal)
2. the interpretation of that feeling
Physical response + cognitive attribution = interpretation of the situation then decide how to act

Question 16

epinephrine experiment

Answer 16

• 3 groups
• 1: informed that they were injected with epinephrine (attributed arousal to the injection) so made neutral reaction
• 2: not informed they were injected didnt know why they were aroused so relied on the environment. if a confederate acted happy they’d think they had arousal happiness and vice versa for angry confederate.
• 3→ injected with placebo???

Question 17

misattribution of arousal main topics studied

Answer 17

• bridge experiment
• excitation transfer
  -zillmans excitation transfer model

Question 18

bridge experiment

Question 19

rollercoaster experiment

Answer 19

Aim: examine effects of residual nervous system arousal on perceptions of sexual attraction. So what the effects of excitation transfer are in regards to sexual attraction
- Results: study was consistent with excitation transfer theory.
- For all genders riding with a non romantic partner→ higher rating for the photo when they came out of ride than when they went in
- Riding with romantic partner → no significant difference when entering or exiting the ride. [full details on notes]

Question 20

what is arousal

Answer 20

something that stimulates actio
makes body ready for activities
physiological (heart rate, breathing)
emotional (

Question 21

LG how does arousal affect our later behavior?

Answer 21

-james-lange theory of emotion

Question 22

LG what factors lead us to misattribute our emotions?

Answer 22

• Schachter & singer 2 factor theory of emotion
• experiment on attribution of emotion
• appraisal
• bridge experiment
• excitation transfer/ Zillman’s model

Question 23

what’s the difference between cannon bard theory of emotion and james lange theory of emotion?

Answer 23

cannon bard is more complex than james lange because it add in a cognitive element (the emotion and arousal tate that appears after the brain processes the source of danger)

Question 24

criticism of epinephrine experiment

Answer 24

Repeated experiments dont always show the same results
When the unexpected reaction is too strong, it will most likely be linked to a negative emotion whereas if a more subtle physiological reaction was given, they have the chance to see for themselves what they will attribute this emotion to (turning towards the environment for a decision).
Link to bridge experiment: This above experiment is about attribution while the bridge one is about misattribution if there is something(the stimuli) extraordinary, we heighten our emotional response. The same way that people who had the epinephrine, attributed their emotions, the men on the higher suspension bridge wrote more arousing stories.

Question 25

what is attribution

Answer 25

Our own attempt to interpret and understand what happened
We do not always know the source of our emption so we might find other stimuli to link our emotions to (usually stimuli that activates our nervous system

Question 26

James olsen (1990) experiment with the noises

Answer 26

Everyone exposed to minor noise. A few people told noise is soothing, Others told that noise would be disruptive
results:

Question 27

Why men on suspension bridge were willing to talk to the interviewer

Answer 27

Schachter explains that when we feel more vulnerable, we are open to having company even if it is a stranger

Question 28

what does Zillman propose about excitation transfer

Answer 28

Proposes that residual excitement from a previous arousing stimulus or event, can transfer onto later events resulting in making ones emotional states intensified

Question 29

what is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in excitation transfer

Answer 29

when it’s aroused, it doesn’t just abruptly go back to neutral when the stimulus that is eliciting the arousal stops, it gradually declines
Then if a person is in an emotion-eliciting situation, they can misattribute the residual excitement to their current situation, intensifying it.

Question 30

whether or not excitation transfer occurs (what does it depend on)

Answer 30

the awareness the person has about the fact that they are still a bit aroused by the previous situation. In fancy words: whether environmental cues from the original source of arousal are readily apparent. When the individual connects the residual state of excitation to the prior inducing source.

Question 31

Nervous system activation examples that have been shown to enhance perceptions of attractiveness

Answer 31

anger, emotional role-play, fear-arousing situations, exercise.