ispy obedience + power

Question 1

conformity

Answer 1

the tendency to change our perceptions, opinions or behaviors in ways that are consistent with social or group norms

Question 2

auto-kinetic effect

Answer 2

when in total darkness a point of light seems to move, sometime erratically in many directions even if its still (shown in sherif experiment)

Question 3

informational influence

Answer 3

desire to be right

Question 4

normative influence

Answer 4

desire to be liked. fear of ostracism

Question 5

what factors contribute to group conformity?

Question 6

What is the difference between conformity, compliance and obedience?

Answer 6

conformity = changing our perceptions, opinions, or behavior in ways to be consistent with social or group norms
compliance = changes in behavior that are elicited by direct requests (all the sneaky techniques)
obedience = behavior change produced by the commands of authority

Question 7

How does deindividuation happen in group settings?

Answer 7

you get immersed in the groups values and just lose yourself and follow the crowd

Question 8

sherif experiment (light) aim and method

Answer 8

• aim: explore how norms develop in small groups
• male students thought they were participating in a visual perception experiment
• sat in totally dark room
• a small dot appeared in front of them (15 feet away)
• participants asked to estimate how far it moved
• repeated many times
• what they didn’t know, the line never moved

Question 9

sherif experiment (light) results when participants tested alone vs together

Answer 9

• when tested alone, they gave their answers and at some point settled on a stable calculation ranging from 1-10 inches.
• when together, over the span of 3 days, participants gave their answers 1 by 1 and at first the results varied hella but then reached a common group perception

Question 10

Auto-kinetic effect

Answer 10

when in total darkness a point of light seems to move, sometime erratically in many directions even if its still (shown in sherif experiment)

Question 11

solomon Asch line eperiment aim, method and results

Answer 11

• aim: how peoples beliefs affect the beliefs of others
• line test where all participants are confederates except 1.
• they are shown 1 line and are given a set of 3 lines in which they gotta say which one is the same length as the reference line.
• at first confederates give right answer but then 12 out of 18 times they all gave obviously wrong answers
• participant is stuck between wanting to stick to what they believe or the desire to be liked and fit in

Question 12

what are 2 reasons that influences people to conform

Answer 12

informational influence
normative influence

Question 13

informational influence for conforming

Answer 13

• desire to be right
• ppl want to have the most accurate judgments of reality so if most people have a common answer, then they must be right, and thats why ppl go with it
• “4 eyes are better than 2” type train of thought
• especially when ppl are in a state of uncertainty they can rely on others

Question 14

normative influence for conforming

Answer 14

• the main purpose of conforming is being scared of negative social consequences
• fear of being rejected for being deviant
• research shows that ppl who stray away from norms are rejected and ridiculed

Question 15

private conformity

Answer 15

• aka true acceptance or conversion
• others cause us to change our external behaviors AND our opinions
• fully believing and being convinced that what others are expressing is correct

Question 16

public conformity

Answer 16

• sometimes called compliance
• more superficial change in behavior
• privately a person will stick to their beliefs but overtly will pretend to agree with the group and go with what people are doing/saying
• a reason for this may be to feel accepted or because we feel pressured

Question 17

how to distinguish between private or public conformity if both look the same on the outside

Answer 17

• private conformity will remain long after the group is gone
• when compared to Sherif’s and Asch’s experiments , sherif retested participants a year after and participants still stuck to what the group believed. in Asch, since participant was only conforming publicly, their conformity dropped significantly when they had to give private answers

Question 18

minority influence– moscovici’s theory

Answer 18

the opposers (less people) slowly become the majority by convincing the rest of the group
12 angry men movie example

Question 19

majority influence

Answer 19

more ppl have the same views and convince the minority

Question 20

foot in the door technique

Answer 20

a two step compliance technique. step one get someone to comply with a small simple request, then ask the real favor. this makes u more likely to say yes

Question 21

lowballing

Answer 21

another 2 step trap. salesperson gets you all riled up and makes u secure an agreement but then increases the size of the request. car dealersgip example

Question 22

door in the face technique

Answer 22

sort of opposite of foot in the door or lowballing. they ask huge favor and then ask the real favor (which is less than the huge favor) e.g. boy scouts selling circus tickets and when ppl decline he says ok but at least do u wanna get boy scouts cookies?

Question 23

that’s not all technique

Answer 23

similar to door in the face but here, the request is big at the beginning and keeps decreasing in size.

Question 24

from Pearson book, what are the 3 types of conformity

Answer 24

internalization
identification
compliance

Question 25

what’s the difference between compliance and conformity

Answer 25

is compliance more to dow ith orders and conformity a more general thing

Question 26

Haun study on preschoolers (compliance):
1. how was the compliance level compared to adults compliance level?
2. at how old are you already susceptible to peer pressure
3. was there private acceptance?

Answer 26

showed preschoolers compliance levels similar to adults, 4-year olds are already susceptible to peer pressure, showed more compliance; there was no private acceptance

Question 27

what are 4 experiments used to further explain conformity

Answer 27

asch’s line experiment
Sherif autokinetic
stanford prison exp
haun preschoolers

Question 28

deindividuation

Answer 28

a state where you become so immersed in the norms of the group that you lose your self of identity and personal responsibility; happens in a setting that promotes anonymity; eg. military can get someone more aggressive; fitness can become their life passion

Question 29

types of nonconformity: independence

Answer 29

members disagree by publicly expressing beliefs consistent with their own personal standards

Question 30

types of nonconformity: anti conformity

Answer 30

oppose the opinion

Question 31

types of nonconformity: strategic anti conformity

Answer 31

privately agree, but publicly disagree, create a discussion/conflict

Question 32

social impact theory

Answer 32

When group is highly cohesive, or members try to make a good impression, an Individual is more likely to conform

Question 33

dynamic social impact theory

Answer 33

Social impact theory is now often called dynamic social impact theory as it considers the target’s ability to influence the source. It views influence as a two-way exchange rather than a one-way street.

Question 34

conformity factors, 3 factors of social impact theory

Answer 34

Social impact theory
dynamic social impact theory
group unanimity

Question 35

milgram’s experiment

Answer 35

teachers had to give students who were getting answers wrong shocks, consecutively increasing the strength
they obeyed the orders of authority (experimenter)
exerts all power bases
some peers were present who were not obedient who made the teacher also disobey the demands; vice versa
was replicated and the findings were consistent across time and different countries

Question 36

factors that contribute to obedience

Answer 36

situation
immediacy

Question 37

raven’s 6 power bases

Answer 37

coercive
reward
legitimate power
referent power
informational power
expert power

Question 38

coercive power

Answer 38

power to punish or threaten

Question 39

reward power

Answer 39

e.g. boss can persuade u to work harder cuz he has power to give u a promotion

Question 40

legitimate power

Answer 40

Authorized power by law (eg a judge)

Question 41

referent power

Answer 41

Charisma: Follow me (eg cult leaders, political figures, religious leaders)

Question 42

informational power

Answer 42

i know something you don’t

Question 43

expert power

Answer 43

trust me i’m a pro (e.g. doctors)

Question 44

what is the difference between obedience, compliance, and conversion?

Answer 44

Obedience: eg obeying to teachers in school
Compliance: eg when ordering food we often comply to the group opinion + public conformity: group projects; compliance for the greater good eg clapping in a theater
Conversion: in situations where we lack experience, we convert our opinion with an expert present, eg in media to convert public opinion on a topic (expert power)