Lecture7: Axial Skeleton Part 2

Question 1

why is the vertebral column curved?

Answer 1

to improve shock absorption

Question 2

curve of the cervical vertebrae is acquired after?

Answer 2

holding our heads up for the first time

Question 3

curve of the lumbar vertebrae is acquired after?

Answer 3

learning how to walk for the first time

Question 4

what lies between the vertebrae?

Answer 4

discs of fibrocartilage lie between vertebrae

Question 5

why are we the tallest immediately after waking up?

Answer 5

when we sleep the vertebral discs absorb water and thicken

Question 6

where is the nutrient foramen located?

Answer 6

body of vertebra

Question 7

large vertebral foramen provides passage for the?

Answer 7

spinal cord

Question 8

facets?

Answer 8

surfaces on which bones connect to one another

Question 9

cervical vertebrae?

Answer 9

c1-c7
c1 is atlas and c2 is axis

Question 10

atlas features?

Answer 10

the atlas has no body or spinous process but it has a distinct anterior arch. it also has a large vertebral foramen which accomodates the dens of axis

Question 11

axis features?

Answer 11

has a dens: a dens is a large projection and passes through the vertebral foramen of the atlas. forms the atlantoaxial joint which permits turning of head left and right

Question 12

special properties of cervical vertebrae?

Answer 12

• spinous processes are bifid
• transverse processes have the transverse foramen
• provides passage for vertebral artery

Question 13

thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 13

t1-t12
- they have large transverse processes for articulations with the ribs
- demifacets are unique to the thoracic vertebrae

Question 14

demifacets?

Answer 14

surfaces where the head of one rib connects with two vertebrae

Question 15

on t1-t12, facets connect tubercle of ribs to?

Answer 15

vertebral column

Question 16

anatomy of a rib?

Answer 16

head: articulations with demifacets on 2 vertebrae
the narrowed area to the head is called the neck
the tubercle articulates with facets on the thoracic vertebrae

Question 17

lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 17

l1-l5
short and thick spinous processes
points of attachment for the muscles of the back

Question 18

sacrum?

Answer 18

five fused vertebrae
-articulates with the pelvic girdle at sacroiliac joints
- vertebral canal becomes the sacral canal

Question 19

end of sacrum?

Answer 19

hiatus

Question 20

coccyx?

Answer 20

• tailbone
  -four fused coccygeal vertebrae
  -co1-co4

Question 21

thoracic cage?

Answer 21

forms ribcage and breastbone

Question 22

sternum?

Answer 22

breastbone: medial part where ribs attach
- manubrium
-body
-xiphoid process

Question 23

true ribs?

Answer 23

first 7 ribs: articulate with thoracic vertebrae and sternum

Question 24

false ribs?

Answer 24

ribs 8-12: articulate with thoracic vertebrae but not sternum
8-10: articulate with costal cartilage of 7th rib

Question 25

floating ribs?

Answer 25

dont articulate with any bones anteriorly