Lecture 11: Muscular System Flashcards
what are the functions of the muscular system?
supporting body movement and generating heat
what does origin mean?
end of muscle attached to stabilized bone: usually proximal
what does insertion mean?
end of muscle attached to moving bone: usually distal
what does muscle belly mean?
thickened portion between tendons
what are actions?
movements possible when the muscle contracts
reverse muscle actions ?
result when the origin and insertion are reversed
levers?
levers lift loads using effort
load?
resistance against effort
effort?
force required to move a load
first class levers?
fulcrum is between effort and load
second class levers?
load is between effort and fulcrum
do second class levers produce a mechanical advantage or disadvantage?
mechanical advantage: little effort to move load
third class levers?
effort is between fulcrum and the load : most common levers in the body
do third class levers produce a mechanical disadvantage or advantage?
mechanical disadvantage: lot of effort to move small loads
agonist?
the one that exerts effort to move bone
antagonist?
the one that relaxes so the agonist can move the bone
example of agonist vs antagonist?
flexion at elbow joint:
bicep brachii: agonist
triceps brachii: antagonist : must relax to move bone
synergists?
muscle that stabilizes intermediate joints so movement can occur around one joint only
fixators and example
fixators stabilize one end of the bone so the other end can move
- abduction of arm: fixators stabilize the scapula so the agonist/deltoid muscles can move the bone
whats a spasm
a spasm is an involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles
cramp?
painful spasm
most common cause of spasms
dehydration
what is muscle soreness often caused by
microscopic damage to muscles
minor injuries should be treated with price and what is price?
protection, rest, ice, compression, and, elevation
severe injuries can require?
rehab and/or meds: nsaids or corticosteroids
plantar fascitis
heel pain basically.
causes include: excess weight, uneven weight, or illfitting footwear.
- leads to chronic inflammation of plantar aponeurosis
- treatment: price, stretching, weight loss, orthotics, surgery
compartment syndrome
caused by pressure that restricts blood flow to area.
mild: pain severe: paralysis
- excess fluid causes sweeling
- fasciostomy may be required and may result in fibrosis and muscle shortening
