Lecture 9: Joints Part 1 Flashcards
What are joints and other names for joints?
sites of contact between bones: also called articulations and arthroses
Scientific study of joints?
arthrology
3 types of joints and their features?
1) fibrous joint: no articular cavity: dense irregular CT
2) cartilaginous joint: no articular cavity: cartilage
3) synovial joint: articular cavity: dense irregular CT
fibrous joints types?
sutures and syndesmoses
sutures?
connect cranial bones with a thin strip of dense irregular CT.
- immobile
- also by adulthood: synarthroses
whats under syndesmoses?
interosseous membrane, interosseous ligaments, and gomphosis: also they are slightly mobile
interosseous ligament?
thicker and longer strip of dense irregular CT
gomphosis?
cone shaped joint between teeth
interosseous membrane?
sheets of dense irregular CT
cartilaginous joints subtypes?
synchondroses, symphyses : little or no movement
synchondroses?
connects bones with hyaline or fibrocartilage
symphyses?
held by disc of fibrocartilage
synovial joints?
-presence of articular cavity between bones
- bounded by articular capsule
- bones covered in articular cartilage
articular capsule?
bounds the articular cavity.
made of 2 layers:
- fibrous layer: dense irregular CT attaches to periosteum
- synovial membrane: areolar CT, secretes synovial fluid
synovial fluid functions?
1) nourishes chondrocytes of the articular cartilage
2) reduces friction between bones at joints
3) absorbs shock
double jointed people have increased flexibility where?
around the articular capsule
accessory ligaments?
provide extra reinforcement for synovial joints
articular discs or menisci?
fibrocartilage padding attached to inside surface of the fibrous capsule : absorb shock and distribute weight more evenly
bursae function?
- reduces friction between frequently contacted surfaces
- share similar structure to articular capsule
- bursitis: inflammation of bursae
what are tendon sheaths?
tendon sheats are tube shaped bursae and wrap around tendons that experience a lot of friction: the wrist
what are the four main categories of movement?
gliding, angular movements, rotation, and special movements
gliding?
- no change in angle between articulating bones
- flat bones slide back and forth and side to side
- eg : intercarpal joints
angular movements?
increase or decrease angles between articulating bones
rotation?
turning of a bone along its axis: may be medial or lateral in the limbs
special movements?
movements unique to specific joints
types of synovial joints?
ball and socket joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, plane joints, saddle joints, and condyloid joints
