Lecture 9: Joints Part 1

Question 1

What are joints and other names for joints?

Answer 1

sites of contact between bones: also called articulations and arthroses

Question 2

Scientific study of joints?

Answer 2

arthrology

Question 3

3 types of joints and their features?

Answer 3

1) fibrous joint: no articular cavity: dense irregular CT
2) cartilaginous joint: no articular cavity: cartilage
3) synovial joint: articular cavity: dense irregular CT

Question 4

fibrous joints types?

Answer 4

sutures and syndesmoses

Question 5

sutures?

Answer 5

connect cranial bones with a thin strip of dense irregular CT.
- immobile
- also by adulthood: synarthroses

Question 6

whats under syndesmoses?

Answer 6

interosseous membrane, interosseous ligaments, and gomphosis: also they are slightly mobile

Question 7

interosseous ligament?

Answer 7

thicker and longer strip of dense irregular CT

Question 8

gomphosis?

Answer 8

cone shaped joint between teeth

Question 9

interosseous membrane?

Answer 9

sheets of dense irregular CT

Question 10

cartilaginous joints subtypes?

Answer 10

synchondroses, symphyses : little or no movement

Question 11

synchondroses?

Answer 11

connects bones with hyaline or fibrocartilage

Question 12

symphyses?

Answer 12

held by disc of fibrocartilage

Question 13

synovial joints?

Answer 13

-presence of articular cavity between bones
- bounded by articular capsule
- bones covered in articular cartilage

Question 14

articular capsule?

Answer 14

bounds the articular cavity.
made of 2 layers:
- fibrous layer: dense irregular CT attaches to periosteum
- synovial membrane: areolar CT, secretes synovial fluid

Question 15

synovial fluid functions?

Answer 15

1) nourishes chondrocytes of the articular cartilage
2) reduces friction between bones at joints
3) absorbs shock

Question 16

double jointed people have increased flexibility where?

Answer 16

around the articular capsule

Question 17

accessory ligaments?

Answer 17

provide extra reinforcement for synovial joints

Question 18

articular discs or menisci?

Answer 18

fibrocartilage padding attached to inside surface of the fibrous capsule : absorb shock and distribute weight more evenly

Question 19

bursae function?

Answer 19

• reduces friction between frequently contacted surfaces
• share similar structure to articular capsule
• bursitis: inflammation of bursae

Question 20

what are tendon sheaths?

Answer 20

tendon sheats are tube shaped bursae and wrap around tendons that experience a lot of friction: the wrist

Question 21

what are the four main categories of movement?

Answer 21

gliding, angular movements, rotation, and special movements

Question 22

gliding?

Answer 22

• no change in angle between articulating bones
• flat bones slide back and forth and side to side
• eg : intercarpal joints

Question 23

angular movements?

Answer 23

increase or decrease angles between articulating bones

Question 24

rotation?

Answer 24

turning of a bone along its axis: may be medial or lateral in the limbs

Question 25

special movements?

Answer 25

movements unique to specific joints

Question 26

types of synovial joints?

Answer 26

ball and socket joints, hinge joints, pivot joints, plane joints, saddle joints, and condyloid joints