LAB 4: APPENDICULAR SKELETON Flashcards
what does each pectoral girdle consist of and what are they?
scapula and clavicle
scapula: shoulder blade
clavicle: collar bone
what does the scapula articulate with?
clavicle: acromioclavicular joint
humerus: glenohumeral joint
what does the clavicle articulate with?
the clavicle articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and forms sternoclavicular joint
what does the humerus head articulate with?
the glenoid cavity of the scapula: glenohumeral joint
what is the proximal end of the ulna called?
olecranon: the elbow
how many carpal bones are there and which one is the one that has the most fractures?
8 carpal bones, scaphoid is most common wrist bone that gets fractured
the pelvic girdle is formed by?
2 coxal bones
what is the pelvis formed of?
coxal bones, sacrum, and the coccyx
what are the parts of the coxal bone?
ilium, ischium, and pubis
ilium contains?
acetabulum, iliac crest, and the greater sciatic notch
acetabulum is for?
acetabulum is the socket for the head of the femur
the greater sciatic notch is for?
sciatic nerve passes
whats the joint that joins the ilium to sacrum?
sacroiliac joint
pubis contains the?
obturator foramen and the pubic symphysis
obturator foramen?
largest foramen in body, provides passage for blood vessels and nerves
pubic symphysis?
joins the coxal bones anteriorly
what are the markings of a tibia?
medial bone, tibial tuberosity, medial malleolus
how many tarsal bones and which ones are the important ones to know?
7 tarsal bones
talus, calcaneous
talus: ankle bone
calcaneous: heel bone
what are 3 visible differences between male and female pelvis?
obturator foramen for female is more oval but male is more round, the pelvic inlet for female is oval and wide but male is narrow and heart shaped, and the pubic arch for female is more than 90 degree angle but for male its less than 90 degree angle
fibrous joints information and subtypes?
dense irregular connective tissue, no articular cavity
sutures, syndesmoses
sutures?
only found between bones of the skull.
thin layer of connective tissue and are immoveable.
syndesmoses subtypes?
interosseous ligament, interosseous membrane, and gomphosis
interosseous ligament?
the distal ends of the tibia and fibula are joined by interosseous ligament: slight movement.
interosseous membrane?
sheet of dense irregular connective tissue joining two long bones. slight movement
gomphosis?
cone shaped joint between the teeth and mandible and maxilla
cartilaginous joints?
hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage, no articular cavity, cartilage tissue
- synchondrosis -symphysis
synchondrosis?
hyaline or fibrocartilage: between the costal cartilage of first rib and manubrium
symphysis?
hyaline and fibrocartilage: between pubic bones, intervertebral discs
synovial joints?
theres a fluid filled space between bones called the synovial cavity. two layers of connective tissue surround cavity: outer fibrous and inner synovial membrane. freely moveable
functions of synovial fluid?
absorb shock, reduce friction between bones, nourishes chondrocytes of articular cartilage
plane joint?
permit gliding, biaxial, intercarpal
hinge joint?
convex surface of one bone fits into concave surface of another bone, uniaxial, elbow joint
pivot joint?
round surface of bone fits into ring, biaxial, atlanto-axial joint
ellipsoid joint?
aka condylar, oval shaped fits into oval shaped depresion, radiocarpal
saddle joint?
saddle and rider, biaxial, thumb
ball and socket joint?
ball like surface fits into a cuplike depression, triaxial, glenohumeral joint, hip joint
occipitofrontalis?
divided into 2 bellies; frontal and occipital belly. connected by epicranial aponeurosis
frontal belly: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
occipital belly: raises hair
orbicularis oculi?
closes the eyelid
orbicularis oris?
closes lips, purses the lips
platysma?
depresses the mandible
masseter and temporalis?
elevate the mandible and close the jaw
sternocleidomastoid?
rotates the head and extends the head at the atlanto-occipital joint,
origin: manubrium insert: temporal bone
layers of muscles of abdomen
external oblique: most superficial
internal oblique: intermediate
transversus abdominis: deepest layer
rectus abdominis?
runs parallel to the midline, separated by tendinous intersections responsible for the definition of the 6-8-10 pack.
what is the linea alba?
the linea alba is the line going down the middle, midline, seperating the two halves of the rectus abdominis
diaphragm?
permits breathing
serratus anterior
boxers muscle: punching and pushing, abducts scapula
trapezius
RADS: rotation, adduction, depression, and stabilization of the scapula
pectoralis major?
moves the humerus, adduction, medial rotation, and flexion of arm
deltoid?
moves the humerus, abduction, medial rotation, and flexion of the arm
latissimus dorsi?
swimmers muscle; extension, adduction, and medial rotation
biceps brachii?
flexion of the arm at the elbow joint and supination of the hand
triceps brachii?
extension of the arm at the elbow joint
brachioradialis?
flexion of arm at elbow joint; supination and pronation of the hand
hamstrings contain?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
function of hamstrings?
flexion at the knee joint and extension at the hip joint
quads contain?
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius
quads function?
flexion at the hip joint and extension at the knee joint
gastrocnemius?
plantar flexion of foot, flexion of lower limb
gluteus maximus?
largest muscle, extension of leg at hip joint and lateral rotation of femur at hip joint
gluteus medius?
abducts thigh and medially rotates the thigh at hip joint
soleus?
plantar flexion of foot
tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexion of the foot, supination of foot
gracilis?
adduction, medial rotation of thigh, and flexion of leg
