Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Lecture > Lecture5 > Flashcards

Lecture5 Flashcards

1
Q

Ependymal Layer

A

type of epithelia, forms the lining of all the ventricles, no ependymal brain barrier (anything into CSF can have effect on brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Marginal Layer

A

cell birth (neurons)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Embryonic Day 27

A

neural tube closed, ependymal layer, marginal layer, mantle layer, division in gray and white matters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neural Crest

A

will develop into dorsal root ganglia (just making sure you didn’t forget this from earlier)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Embryonic Day 60

A

neural tube pinched off and created diamond shape to segregate neurons into place (anterior/basal plate, posterior/alar plate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basal Plate

A

anterior, motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alar Plate

A

posterior, sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sulcus Limitans

A

groove that separates motor and sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

General Somatic Efferent

A

fibers that go away from the nervous system, motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

General Somatic Afferent

A

fibers that go to nervous system, sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Embryonic Day 100

A

two additional functional components added, general VISCERAL efferent and afferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Four Functional Components of All Spinal Nerves

A

GSA, GVA, GVE, GSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When is nervous system in adult configuration?

A

end of first trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

End of Second Trimester Day 200

A

from dorsal root ganglion pseudounipolar cells have grown into dorsal horn and will synapse on GSA, GVE and GSE will grow out axons and join peripheral process with dorsal root and create spinal nerves, dorsal root ganglia from neural crest, all spinal nerves created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bror Rexed’s Lamina System

A

lamina 1-6 are sensory, lamina 7-10 are motor, further segregation according to location of muscles they innervate (midline = proximal = axial, lateral = distal = appendicular)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

According to Rexed’s Lamina System, motor columns closest to sensory regions innervate which muscles?

A

flexors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

According to Rexed’s Lamina System, motor columns closest to anterior of the gray matter innervate which muscles?

A

extensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Neuronal Clusters

A

clusters innervate a specific muscle, columns, if damaged the higher the lesion the less function will result, recruit small motor neurons first then larger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

White Matter Areas of the Spinal Cord

A

axons of neurons ascending or descending, different physiological types of fibers based on diameter of fiber and conduction velocity of fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type 1, 2, alpha-beta White Matter Fibers

A

large diameter and fast conducting fibers, all discriminative sensation (proprioception, 2-point differentiation), enter in from medial portion of dorsal side of spinal cord and synapse on GSA neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type C and Delta White Matter Fibers

A

small diameter, crude sensation, lateral division of the dorsal horn, synapse on more superficial laminas of the cord (surgeons will cut to alleviate pain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fasciculus Gracilis and Fasciculus Cuneatus

A

somatotropic organization (more medial will be sacral, lateral is lumbar, etc.), dorsal columns get bigger at higher levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Three Layers of Meninges

A

dura, arachnoid, pia

24
Q

Dura Mater

A

outer layer of meninges, tough, made of fibroblasts and extremely strong tensile strength

25
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

middle layer, more fragile, made of fibroblast and collagen meshwork

26
Q

Pia Mater

A

inner layer, only one cell layer thick, seen with magnification

27
Q

Denticulate Ligaments

A

lateral extensions of the pia mater in between individual segments linking pia to dura

28
Q

Where does the spinal cord end in adults?

A

L1/L2

29
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are present?

A

there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves (I couldn’t just put 31 or excel was freaking out)

30
Q

Cervical Region of Spine

A

C1-C2 is neck, C3-C5 is diaphragm, C5-T1 is upper extremity (brachial plexus)

31
Q

Thoracic Region of Spine

A

upper half-thorax, lower half-abdominal

32
Q

Lumbar Region of Spine

A

lower extremities

33
Q

Sacral Region of Spine

A

bowel, bladder, and sexual function

34
Q

Rami Communicans

A

brings visceral afferent (GVA) and efferent (GVE) to and from the sympathetic chain of ganglia

35
Q

Four Choices when Entering the Sympathetic Chain

A

down-synapse right away and go to lower levels, back-synapse right away and via grey ramus communicans back to spinal nerve, up-higher levels before synapsing, viscera-splanchnic nerve to viscera

36
Q

What components are in dorsal primary rami?

A

ALL FOUR REMEMBER?? GSA, GVA, GSE, GVE. Geez if I have to type it one more time..

37
Q

Where are the expansions in the spinal cord?

A

upper thoracic and lumbar

38
Q

Cervical Region of Spinal Cord Expansion

A

lateral horn-distal muscles are located laterally

39
Q

Lumbar Region of Spinal Cord Expansion

A

lateral horn-distal muscles are located laterally

40
Q

Arteries of the Spinal Cord

A

one anterior spinal artery (median sulcal artery off it), two posterior spinal arteries (vasocoronal between anterior and posterior)

41
Q

Three Layers of Brain Stem Development

A

1st layer - motor fiber, 2nd layer - sensory fiber, 3rd layer - nuclear layer

42
Q

1st Layer - Motor Fiber Layer

A

voluntary motor cell layers, millions of axons, descending, at base of medulla fibers split and 90% cross midline and terminate on opposite side of which they originate

43
Q

2nd Layer - Sensory Fiber Layer

A

coming from dorsal columns and anterolateral columns, ascending, millions of axons, join together to travel to higher levels

44
Q

3rd Layer - Nuclear Layer

A

collection of cells that are creating cranial nerves, each cell represents a nuclear group for one cranial nerve

45
Q

Medullary Development

A

similar to spinal nerve development but roof plate does not fuse instead opens up to create fourth ventricle (still motor and sensory plates)

46
Q

Gill Arches (branchial nerves)

A

1st arch 5th nerve (trigeminal), 2nd arch 7th nerve (facial), 3rd arch 9th nerve (glossopharyngeal), 4th arch 10th nerve (vagus)

47
Q

Additional Components in Medulla

A

of course it still has GSA, GVA, GSE, and GVE but additionally Gil Arches, SVE, SVA, SSA

48
Q

SVE

A

special visceral efferent column, associated with certain cranial nerves that are derived from the branchial arches

49
Q

SVA

A

special visceral afferent column, associated with certain cranial nerves that are derived from the branchial arches

50
Q

SSA

A

special somatic afferent column

51
Q

Development of Metencephalon

A

pontine development (rhombic lip–>cerebellum), midbrain development (same as pons plus substantia nigra and red nucleus)

52
Q

Substantia Nigra

A

in midbrain development, high melanin content, appear dark, these cells die in parkinson’s disease

53
Q

Red Nucleus

A

posterior to substantia nigra, high in bilirubin, motor nucleus, non-volitional motor system, innervates shoulder and hip girdle (stability)

54
Q

Motor Cell Columns

A

GSE, GVE, SVE

55
Q

Sensory Cell Columns

A

GSA, GVA, SSA, SVA

Anatomy Lecture (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions