Lecture - Ventilation and Perfusion of the Lungs; Control of Ventilation

Question 1

… the afferent nerves associated with the Hering-Breuer reflex would indicate?

Answer 1

Inspiration is occurring

Question 2

The inherent rhythm for inspiration appears to be located within the ________

Answer 2

Medulla

Question 3

The peripheral chemoreceptors for oxygen increase the rate of discharge primarily in response to _______

Answer 3

Decrease in partial pressure of blood oxygen

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true with dorsal respiratory group?

Answer 4

Efferent role

Question 5

It contains somatic motor neurons whose axons leave the medulla via CNIX and CNX

Answer 5

Intermediate ventral group

Question 6

These neurons fire more action potentials during specific parts of the respiratory cycle

Answer 6

Respiratory related neurons

Question 7

Peripheral chemoreceptors are:

Answer 7

Sensitive to decreases in arterial PO2

Question 8

An example of dyspnea in adaptive response

Answer 8

Panic attacks

Question 9

Transection at this level gives breathing to continue but with abnormal gasping pattern

Answer 9

Ponto-medullary transection

Question 10

A transection at this level blocks ventilation by interrupting output to the diaphragm not by eliminating the respiratory rhythm

Answer 10

Spino-medullary transection

Question 11

Inspiratory apneusis

Answer 11

Mid-pons transection with bilateral vagotomy

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true in neuron-like characteristics of glomus cells?

Answer 12

Some are innervated by post-ganglionic sympathetic neurons

Question 13

It is the primary source of feedback for assessing the effectiveness of ventilation and major source of tonic drive for breathing

Answer 13

Central chemoreceptors

Question 14

The effect of raising the arterial PCO2

Answer 14

Increases the sensitivity of the integrated response to hypoxia

Question 15

TRUE or FALSE: All neurons that fire in phase with respiratory cycle are involved in control of breathing

Answer 15

False

Question 16

Mechanoreceptors within the trachea-bronchial tree detect changes in lung volume by sensing stretch of airway walls

Answer 16

Slowly-adapting pulmonary stretch receptors

Question 17

In adults, this reflex does not occur until lung volume is greater than during a normal respiration

Answer 17

Hering-breuer reflex

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true responses of respiratory during exercises?

Answer 18

Arterial pH does not change during strenuous exercises

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of balancing conflicting demands of gas exchange?

Answer 19

Playing a musical wind instrument

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true in mechanisms of low PO2?

Answer 20

Causes oxygen to move into the glomus cells generating hydrogen

Question 21

In the respiratory membrane, the rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to which of the following factors?

Answer 21

Thickness of the respiratory membrane

Question 22

True statement regarding ventilation and perfusion

Answer 22

V/Q is lowest at the base

Question 23

Which parameter is affected when a patient is mechanically ventilated?

Answer 23

Dead space

Question 24

In lung perfusion, zone is evident in which of the following condition?

Answer 24

Hemorrhage

Question 25

The relationship of the alveolar PO2 to alveolar ventilation

Answer 25

Directly proportional

Question 26

Which of the following refers to exchange of gases between blood and tissues?

Answer 26

Respiration

Question 27

Understanding the pressure dynamics in the lung when barometric pressure is greater than alveolar pressure, what is the outcome?

Answer 27

There is movement of air into the lungs

Question 28

Which of the following conditions presenting with hypoxemia will likely to have a normal alveolar-arteriolar gradient?

Answer 28

Hypoventilation

Question 29

Which of the following can magnify ventilation and perfusion mismatch?

Answer 29

Both restrictive and obstructive lung disease

Question 30

Which zone in the pulmonary perfusion zones represent continuous blood flow?

Answer 30

Zone 3

Question 31

The volume of air moving in and out of the lungs during quiet breathing

Answer 31

Tidal volume

Question 32

Which of the following causes of hypoxemia will most likely not respond when given 100% oxygen?

Answer 32

Shunt

Question 33

What is normal volume of air that is considered dead space volume?

Answer 33

150 ml

Question 34

An increase in pulmonary arterial pressure will result to which of the following hemodynamic event?

Answer 34

Distention of open and conducting vessels

Question 35

What is considered the major organ responsible for ventilation?

Answer 35

Diaphragm

Question 36

TRUE or FALSE: Under physiologic condition, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure will decrease pulmonary vascular resistance.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

In the lungs, which are true of the following as generation number increases:

Answer 37

AOTA

Question 38

The effect of gravity on lung perfusion

Answer 38

V/Q ratio is greater at apex than at base

Question 39

During expiration, which of the following will increase:

Answer 39

Alveolar pressure and pleural pressure

Question 40

In the lungs, the greater V/Q ratio the _____ PCO2 the ____ PO2

Answer 40

Lower; higher