Lecture - Chapter 29 & 30

Question 1

How does gaseous exchange occur in the alveoli?

Answer 1

Simple Diffusion

Question 2

States that net flow is proportional to the concentration gradient, is present as a partial-pressure gradient?

a. Graham’s Law
b. Fick’s Law
c. Henry’s Law
d. Dalton’s Law

Answer 2

b. Fick’s Law

Question 3

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the diffusing capacity of the lungs.

Answer 3

Net flow of oxygen is proportional to the surface area of the barrier

Question 4

It describes number of oxygen molecules moving across the entire are of the barrier per unit time.

a. Flow
b. Flux
c. Diffusion
d. None of the Above

Answer 4

a. Flow

Question 5

Venous PCO2?

a. 20 mmHg
b. 40 mmHg
c. 45 mmHg
d. 100 mmHg

Answer 5

c. 45 mmHg

Question 6

Partial pressure of the oxygen in the arterial blood is normally lower than that alveolar gas primarily because:

Answer 6

Oxygen requires pressure gradient diffuse into the blood in the initial portion of the capillary

Question 7

Pulmonary diffusing capacity of O2 is depended except:

Answer 7

Hemoglobin concentration of blood of pulmonary capillary

Question 8

Gas exchange is more efficient in apex and less efficient in the base

TRUE or FALSE

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Which of the following will increase the diffusing capacity of the lung?

Answer 9

Exercise

Question 10

What happens at the end of inspiration?

Answer 10

The Lung Surface Area maximizes

Question 11

12 Steps in Diffusion from Alveoli to Hgb in Extracellular Matrix.

A. D2
B. D4
C. D6
D. D8

Answer 11

C. D6

Question 12

Reasons why CO slowly rise down the pulmonary capillary?

Answer 12

Reasons:

• CO flux is LOW
• CO diffusion is extremely LOW
• Hgb Continuously Traps incoming CO

Question 13

Diffusion Limited

A. CO
B. CO2
C. NO
D. NO2

Answer 13

A. CO

Question 14

Reason Why O2 Reach Diffusion Equilibrium Faster than CO?

Answer 14

• Hemoglobin enters the pulmonary capillary and is already heavily preloaded with O2.
• Alveolar PO2 is high, the Alveolar-Blood PO2 gradient is large and initial rate of O2 diffusion from the alveolus in the pulmonary Capillary of blood is immense
• DL for O2 is higher than that for CO

Question 15

Pathological Changes where there is increase in Airway resistance and Leads to Destruction of Pulmonary capillaries.

A.Diffused Pulmonary Fibrosis
B. COPD
C. Loss Of Function
D Anemia

Answer 15

B. COPD

Question 16

When all hemes are devoid of oxygen, each of the residue pull the Fe2+ above the plane of its porphyrin ring by

A. 0.02 mm
B. 0.04 mm
C. 0.06 mm
D. 0.08 mm

Answer 16

C. 0.06 mm

Question 17

Which of the ff factors will show a shift of hgb-dissociation curve to the left?

A. Increase in temperature
B. Decrease PCO2
C. Decrease in pH
D. Respiratory acidosis

Answer 17

B. Decrease PCO2

Question 18

What other gases can bind to ferrous state of Hgb aside from oxygen and snap it to relaxed state:

A. Hydrogen sulfide
B. Nitric oxide
C. Carbon monoxide
D. All of the above
E. None of the choices

Answer 18

D. All of the Above

Question 19

Above 11% incremental CO2 in plasma travels in the ff forms except:

A. Carbamino compound
B. Bicarbonate
C. Carbonate
D. Dissolved CO2

Answer 19

C. Carbonate

Question 20

Which carbon dioxide form follows Henry’s law?

Answer 20

Dissolved CO

Question 21

Larger concentration of O2 is carried in which form?

A. Dissolved in RBC
B. Dissolved in plasma
C. Bound to Hb in RBC

Answer 21

C. Bound to Hgb in RBC

Question 22

Which does not describe a normal adult Hb?

A. Has 2 alpha and 2 beta globins
B. Has 4 pyrrole rings
C. Has heme
D. Metal iron is in the ferric state

Answer 22

D. Metal iron is in the ferric state

Question 23

High PO2 means that Hgb molecules are in the __________ state except?

A. Relaxed state
B. Planar state
C. Tensed state

Answer 23

C. Tensed state

Question 24

What happens to the heme portion of the Hb when there is high PO2?

A. Planar to non planar
B. Stays in planar
C. Nonplanar to planar
D. Stays in nonplanar

Answer 24

C. Nonplanar to planar

Question 25

Residue that binds to the metal iron and stabilizes the O2- Hgb Complex. A. Histidine B. Tyrosine C. Lysine

Answer 25

A. Histidine

Question 26

For a given PO2, CO2 content of blood increases as PO2 falls: A. Haldane Effect B. Bohr Effect

Answer 26

A. Haldane Effect

Question 27

The incremental carbon dioxide that enters thr red blood cells pass through the following gas channels except: A. Rh complex B. Aquaporin I C. Aquaporin II D. None of the above

Answer 27

C. Aquaporin II

Question 28

The carriage of total carbob dioxide in the blood depends on the following gas parameters except: A. PO2 B. PCO2 C. Plasma pH D. None of the choices

Answer 28

D. None of the choices

Question 29

The blood carrie total carbob dioxide mainly as: ``` A. Carbonate B. Bicarbonate C. Dissolved carbon dioxide D. Carbamino acid E. Carbonic acid ```

Answer 29

B. Bicarbonate

Question 30

When a chloride bicarbonate exchanger AE1 transports some of the newly formed bicarbonate, this uptake of chloride in exchange for bicarbonate is known as any of the following, except: A. Carbonate shift B. Bicarbonate shift C. Hamburger shift D. None of the above

Answer 30

B. Bicarbonate shift