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Clinical Chemistry 2 > Lecture: Tumor Markers > Flashcards

Lecture: Tumor Markers Flashcards

1
Q

Uncontrolled growth of cells that can develop into a tumor & spread to other areas of body

A

Cancer

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2
Q

Biochemical substance synthesized and released by cancer cells or produced in the host in response to a cancerous substance

A

Tumor Markers

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3
Q

Surgical removal of one or both testicles

A

Orchidectomy

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4
Q

Increased in primary or secondary liver cancer

A

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

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5
Q

ALP that indicates lung cancer

A

Placental-ALP

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6
Q

Ovarian, lung, gastrointestinal cancers and Hodgkin’s disease

A

Regan ALP

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7
Q

For staging of prostate cancer and therapy monitoring

A

Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP)

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8
Q

Much more specific for screening and early detection of prostatic cancer

A

Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

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9
Q

Low levels of PSA can be detected in serum of

A

Healthy men

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10
Q

Reliable marker for differentiation of prostatic cancer from benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

Ratio between free and total PSA

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11
Q

Condition in men in which the prostate gland is enlarged and not cancerous

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

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12
Q

Decreases blood calcium concentration; elevated in medullary thyroid cancer; monitoring treatment and detecting cancer recurrence

A

Calcitonin

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13
Q

Useful marker for tumors of placenta and testes; high in primary testes insufficiency

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

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14
Q

A condition where testes fail to produce sperm despite of adequate hormonal support

A

Primary testicular failure (PTF) or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism

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15
Q

Abundant serum protein synthesized by fetal liver & re-expressed in certain types of tumors; marker for hepatocellular, germ cell and testicular cancers

A

α-Fetoprotein (AFP)

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16
Q

Elevated AFP levels indicates?

A

Shorter survival time

17
Q

Marker for colorectal, gastrointestinal, lung and breast, thyroid carcinoma; cell-surface protein; smokers and benign conditions

A

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)

18
Q

Marker for breast carcinoma; most useful for recurrence and treatment monitoring

A

CA 15-3

19
Q

Nonspecific marker for ovarian and endometrial carcinomas; analyzed by immunoassays using “OC 125” & “M11” antibodies

A

CA – 125

20
Q

Marker for colorectal, gastric and pancreatic
carcinoma; hepatobiliary, gastric, hepatocellular and breast cancer; benign conditions – pancreatitis and GI diseases

A

CA 19-9

21
Q

Marker for gastric and pancreatic carcinoma; Recurrence and treatment

A

CA - 50

22
Q

Marker for breast cancer; recurrence and treatment

A

CA – 27.29

23
Q

Marker for multiple myeloma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma; chronic inflammation and viral hepatitis

A

β2-microglobulin

24
Q

Marker for Hodgkin’s lymphoma, leukemia, liver, lung and breast cancer

A

Ferritin

25
Q

Marker for detection of differentiated thyroid cancer

A

Thyroglobulin

26
Q

Marker for multiple myeloma; paraproteins appearing as sharp bands in the globulin area of SPE

A

Monoclonal Immunoglobulin

27
Q

Free monoclonal Ig light chain in urine (reliable marker for multiple myeloma)

A

Bence-Jones protein

28
Q

Breast cancer indicators for hormonal therapy

A

Estrogen and progesterone receptors

29
Q

Useful adjunct to estrogen receptor testing; dependent on estrogen action

A

Progesterone receptor

30
Q

Monitors trastuzumab or Herceptin therapy efficiency; breast cancer

A

C-erbB2 (HER-2 Neu)

31
Q

Treatment for cancers that have large amounts of a protein called human epidermal growth factor receptor 2

A

Trastuzumab

32
Q

Specific genes in inherited predisposition for breast and ovarian cancer

A

BRCA1 and BRCA2

33
Q

Marker for hepatoma

A

GGT

34
Q

Marker for brain cancer

A

2-hydroxylutarate

35
Q

Marker for urinary bladder cancer

A

Nuclear matrix protein

36
Q

Marker for small cell lung cancer and prostrate cancer

A

CK-1

37
Q

Marker for head, neck, lung, breast, kidney, cervix, skin, primary breast cancer

A

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTH-rP)

Clinical Chemistry 2 (5 decks)

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