Lecture: Acid-Base Balance Flashcards
Substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water
Acid
Substance that can accept hydrogen ions
Base
The negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration
pH
Meaning of pH
Hydrogen potential or Potential of hydrogen
Made up of amino acids with positively charged amino groups and negatively charged carboxyl groups; accounts for 2/3 of the buffering power of the blood and most of the buffering within cells
Plasma Protein Buffers
Principal protein inside of red blood cells and accounts for 1/3 of the mass of the cell; during the conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate, H+ ions liberated are buffered by hemoglobin
Hemoglobin Buffer
Weak acid in the phosphate buffer
Sodium dihydrogen phosphate
Weak base in the phosphate buffer
Sodium monohydrogen phosphate
When Na2HPO4 comes into contact with a strong acid (HCI) product is?
NaH2PO4 and NaCl
When NaH2PO4 comes into contact with a strong base (NaOH) product is?
Na2HPO4 and H2O
The most important buffer system in extracellular fluids
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer
When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), comes into contact with a strong acid (HCI), what is formed?
Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and NaCl
When carbonic acid comes into contact with a strong base (NaOH), what is formed?
Bicarbonate and water
Exchange of Cl- and HCO3- between plasma and RBC
Chloride Shift
Chloride shift is also known as?
Hamburger Phenomenon
< 7.35 pH indicates?
Acidosis
> 7.45 pH indicates?
Alkalosis
pH, bicarbonate and pCO2 is decreased, this indicates?
Metabolic acidosis
pH, bicarbonate and pCO2 is increased, this indicates?
Metabolic alkalosis
pH is elevated, bicarbonate and pCO2 is decreased, this indicates?
Respiratory alkalosis
pH is decreased, bicarbonate and pCO2 is increased, this indicates?
Respiratory acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis is also known as?
Primary Bicarbonate Deficiency
At the normal pH, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?
20:1
Metabolic Alkalosis is also known as?
Primary Bicarbonate Excess
Respiratory Acidosis is also known as?
Primary Carbonic Acid/CO2 Excess
Respiratory Alkalosis is also known as?
Primary Carbonic Acid/CO2 Deficiency
Occurs when the blood is too acidic (pH < 7.35) due to too little bicarbonate
Metabolic Acidosis
Occurs when the blood is too alkaline (pH > 7.45) due to too much bicarbonate
Metabolic Alkalosis
Occurs when the blood is too acidic (pH < 7.35) due to an excess of carbonic acid, from too much CO2 in the blood
Respiratory Acidosis
Occurs when the blood is too alkaline (pH > 7.45) due to a deficiency in carbonic acid and CO2 levels in the blood
Respiratory Alkalosis
Normal value of pCO2
40 mmHg
Normal value of HCO3
24 mEq/L
