Lecture: Acid-Base Balance

Question 1

Substance that can donate hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water

Answer 1

Acid

Question 2

Substance that can accept hydrogen ions

Answer 2

Base

Question 3

The negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration

Answer 3

pH

Question 4

Meaning of pH

Answer 4

Hydrogen potential or Potential of hydrogen

Question 5

Made up of amino acids with positively charged amino groups and negatively charged carboxyl groups; accounts for 2/3 of the buffering power of the blood and most of the buffering within cells

Answer 5

Plasma Protein Buffers

Question 6

Principal protein inside of red blood cells and accounts for 1/3 of the mass of the cell; during the conversion of CO2 into bicarbonate, H+ ions liberated are buffered by hemoglobin

Answer 6

Hemoglobin Buffer

Question 7

Weak acid in the phosphate buffer

Answer 7

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate

Question 8

Weak base in the phosphate buffer

Answer 8

Sodium monohydrogen phosphate

Question 9

When Na2HPO4 comes into contact with a strong acid (HCI) product is?

Answer 9

NaH2PO4 and NaCl

Question 10

When NaH2PO4 comes into contact with a strong base (NaOH) product is?

Answer 10

Na2HPO4 and H2O

Question 11

The most important buffer system in extracellular fluids

Answer 11

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

Question 12

When sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), comes into contact with a strong acid (HCI), what is formed?

Answer 12

Carbonic acid (H2CO3) and NaCl

Question 13

When carbonic acid comes into contact with a strong base (NaOH), what is formed?

Answer 13

Bicarbonate and water

Question 14

Exchange of Cl- and HCO3- between plasma and RBC

Answer 14

Chloride Shift

Question 15

Chloride shift is also known as?

Answer 15

Hamburger Phenomenon

Question 16

< 7.35 pH indicates?

Answer 16

Acidosis

Question 17

> 7.45 pH indicates?

Answer 17

Alkalosis

Question 18

pH, bicarbonate and pCO2 is decreased, this indicates?

Answer 18

Metabolic acidosis

Question 19

pH, bicarbonate and pCO2 is increased, this indicates?

Answer 19

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 20

pH is elevated, bicarbonate and pCO2 is decreased, this indicates?

Answer 20

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 21

pH is decreased, bicarbonate and pCO2 is increased, this indicates?

Answer 21

Respiratory acidosis

Question 22

Metabolic Acidosis is also known as?

Answer 22

Primary Bicarbonate Deficiency

Question 23

At the normal pH, what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?

Answer 23

20:1

Question 24

Metabolic Alkalosis is also known as?

Answer 24

Primary Bicarbonate Excess

Question 25

Respiratory Acidosis is also known as?

Answer 25

Primary Carbonic Acid/CO2 Excess

Question 26

Respiratory Alkalosis is also known as?

Answer 26

Primary Carbonic Acid/CO2 Deficiency

Question 27

Occurs when the blood is too acidic (pH < 7.35) due to too little bicarbonate

Answer 27

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 28

Occurs when the blood is too alkaline (pH > 7.45) due to too much bicarbonate

Answer 28

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 29

Occurs when the blood is too acidic (pH < 7.35) due to an excess of carbonic acid, from too much CO2 in the blood

Answer 29

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 30

Occurs when the blood is too alkaline (pH > 7.45) due to a deficiency in carbonic acid and CO2 levels in the blood

Answer 30

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 31

Normal value of pCO2

Answer 31

40 mmHg

Question 32

Normal value of HCO3

Answer 32

24 mEq/L