Lecture Slides - Tolerance and Dependence (pg. 44-47) Flashcards
The opponent process theory states that every process is followed by…?
a secondary opponent (opposite) process
What are the two biological effects of the opponent process theory?
- Drugs effect
2. Body’s compensatory response
In order to maintain _____, the body responds to the drug effects
homeostasis
What is one psychological effect of the opponent process theory?
conditioning - by the time the drug gets in, your body is already ready for it, so the hangover feels much worse - the compensatory response moves back
How does the compensatory response relate to time?
it increases
homeostasis –> change –> _______
aleostasis = “new state”
two problems with the opponent process theory?
- does not account for drug effects
2. compensatory response is not a response, but a state
The opponent process theory does not account for drug effects; it doesnt differentiate between the elimination rates of what?
zero- vs first-order reaction
The opponent process theory does not account for drug effects; it cant explain ____
tachyphylaxis
The opponent process theory does not account for drug effects; it doesn’t take into account drugs that don’t do what?
produce a withdrawal
____ is sometimes used as a synonym for tolerance
tachyphylaxis
_____ is temporary, but ______ changes are more permanent (compensatory response is not a response, but a state)
Pleasure; physiological
compensatory response is not a response, but a state - not homeostatic, but allostatic: physiological changes that occur to obtain homeostasis in the presence of?
constant disruption
Disease is a ____ that has ____ factors and a specific set of signs and symptoms. This usually involves talking about the _____.
process; extrinsic (bacteria/virus, environment); body
A disorder is a ___ that involves ____ factors and is generally an abnormality of function. This usually involves talking about the ____.
state; intrinsic (anatomy, genetic malfunction); brain/mind
What does the diathesis-stress model state?
that malady is a function of disposition and stress - interaction between body and environment (nature/nurture)
____: vulnerability (inherent, stable)
diathesis
___: life event (disrupts equilibrium, discrete or chronic)
stress
What does the differential susceptibility model say about a plastic individual in a positive + positive situation? neg + neg situation?
they will flourish; they will tank
Differential susceptibility states that plasticity and environmental influence can have +/- influence on biological sensitivity and context, especially affecting what three things?
dopamine, serotonin, and MAOA
addictions are _____ charged
emotionally
Dependent means you have a ____ - it is used to denote _____ requirement that is needed to maintain normal homeostatic/metabolic function
reliance; physiological
Addiction means you have a ____ - used to denote ___ or ___ want/need
compulsion (no free will); physio- or psychological
