Chapter #1 (p. 4-14)

Question 1

What affects how a street name for a drug can change?

Answer 1

time and geography

Question 2

drug doses are nearly always stated in what measurement?

Answer 2

milligrams

Question 3

In general, the behavioural and physiological effects of a drug are related to..?

Answer 3

its concentration in the body rather tan the absolute amount administered

Question 4

to account for body weight, how are drug doses prescribed?

Answer 4

mg/kg

Question 5

What does ED50 mean?

Answer 5

the median effective dose - this is the dose that is effective in 50% of the individuals tested

Question 6

What is LD50?

Answer 6

median lethal dose - kills 50% of individuals

Question 7

What determines how safe a drug is and what is it called?

Answer 7

the farther the lethal does is from the effective dose, the safer it is - therapeutic index describes how safe a drug is

Question 8

formula for therapeutic index (TI)

Answer 8

TI = LD50/ED50

Question 9

when you are comparing two drugs that have the same effect, _____ refers to the differences in the ED50 of the two drugs

Answer 9

potency

Question 10

_____ refers to the max effect that drugs will produce at any dose

Answer 10

effectiveness

Question 11

if one drug diminishes the effects of another, this interaction is called ______

Answer 11

antagonism

Question 12

how is drug antagonism established?

Answer 12

plot two DRCs; one for the drug alone and one for the drug in the presence of the other drug

Question 13

if drugs have an effect together that is greater than might be expected simply by combining their effects, a _____ ____ or _____ exists

Answer 13

superadditive effect or potentiation

Question 14

The study of how drugs get into, get around, and are eliminated from the body is called _______. What are the three processes?

Answer 14

pharmacokinetics; absorption, distribution, elimination

Question 15

_____ routes of administration involve injection through the skin into various parts of the body

Answer 15

parenteral

Question 16

when the powder form of a drug is dissolved into a liquid so it can be injected via a needle, what is the liquid called?

Answer 16

a vehicle

Question 17

What are the 4 common parenteral routes?

Answer 17

1. subcutaneous
2. intramuscular
3. intraperitoneal
4. intravenous

Question 18

In _______ injections, the needle is inserted into the nervous system between the base of the skill and the first vertebra.

Answer 18

intrathecal

Question 19

What is the major difference between smoke and gas drugs?

Answer 19

In smoke drugs, the drug in the smoke particles will not re-vaporize after it is dissolved in the blood, and, consequently, it cannot be exhaled (unlike gas drugs). These drugs must stay in the body until eliminated by other methods.