Chapter #1 (p. 4-14) Flashcards
What affects how a street name for a drug can change?
time and geography
drug doses are nearly always stated in what measurement?
milligrams
In general, the behavioural and physiological effects of a drug are related to..?
its concentration in the body rather tan the absolute amount administered
to account for body weight, how are drug doses prescribed?
mg/kg
What does ED50 mean?
the median effective dose - this is the dose that is effective in 50% of the individuals tested
What is LD50?
median lethal dose - kills 50% of individuals
What determines how safe a drug is and what is it called?
the farther the lethal does is from the effective dose, the safer it is - therapeutic index describes how safe a drug is
formula for therapeutic index (TI)
TI = LD50/ED50
when you are comparing two drugs that have the same effect, _____ refers to the differences in the ED50 of the two drugs
potency
_____ refers to the max effect that drugs will produce at any dose
effectiveness
if one drug diminishes the effects of another, this interaction is called ______
antagonism
how is drug antagonism established?
plot two DRCs; one for the drug alone and one for the drug in the presence of the other drug
if drugs have an effect together that is greater than might be expected simply by combining their effects, a _____ ____ or _____ exists
superadditive effect or potentiation
The study of how drugs get into, get around, and are eliminated from the body is called _______. What are the three processes?
pharmacokinetics; absorption, distribution, elimination
_____ routes of administration involve injection through the skin into various parts of the body
parenteral
when the powder form of a drug is dissolved into a liquid so it can be injected via a needle, what is the liquid called?
a vehicle
What are the 4 common parenteral routes?
- subcutaneous
- intramuscular
- intraperitoneal
- intravenous
In _______ injections, the needle is inserted into the nervous system between the base of the skill and the first vertebra.
intrathecal
What is the major difference between smoke and gas drugs?
In smoke drugs, the drug in the smoke particles will not re-vaporize after it is dissolved in the blood, and, consequently, it cannot be exhaled (unlike gas drugs). These drugs must stay in the body until eliminated by other methods.
