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PSYC 351D - Final Exam > Lecture slides - Chapter 14.1 - 14.2 > Flashcards

Lecture slides - Chapter 14.1 - 14.2 Flashcards

1
Q

“the nervous systems potential for physical or chemical change, which enhances its adaptability”

A

neuroplasticity

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2
Q

Experiences that change the brain: _____, _______, ____, _______

A

development, culture, preferences, coping

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3
Q

“a change in an organisms behaviour as a result of experience”

A

learning

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4
Q

“the ability to recall or recognize previous experience”

A

memory

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5
Q

“a mental representation of a previous experience”

A

memory trace

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6
Q

A memory trace corresponds to a _____ change in the brain, most likely involving _____

A

physical; synapses

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7
Q

Learning procedure whereby a neutral stimulus
such as a tone (CS) comes to elicit a response (CR)
because of its repeated pairing with some event
such as the delivery of food (US)

A

Pavlovian Conditioning

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8
Q

Pavlovian Conditioning is aka ____ conditioning

A

classical or respondent

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9
Q 
In Pavlovian conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus that triggers a
conditioned response (CR) after association with an unconditioned stimulus
A

conditioned stimulus (CS)

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10
Q 
A stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an
unconditioned response (UR)
A

unconditioned stimulus (US)

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11
Q

In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the
unconditioned stimulus, such as salivation when food is in the mouth

A

unconditioned response (UR)

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12
Q

In Pavlovian conditioning, the learned response to a formerly neutral
conditioned stimulus

A

conditioned response (CR)

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13
Q

Fear conditioning and eye-blink conditioning are examples of what type of conditioning?

A

Classical (Pavlovain) conditioning

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14
Q

“Learning procedure in which the consequences
(such as obtaining a reward) of a particular
behaviour (such as pressing a bar) increase or decrease the probability of the behaviour occurring
again”

A

Operant conditinoining

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15
Q

Operant Conditioning is aka?

A

Instrumental conditioning

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16
Q

What is Thorndike’s Puzzle Box?

A

A box that trained a cat to learn its actions has consequences - would lead to repeated behaviour

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17
Q

” Subjects demonstrate
knowledge, such as a skill, conditioned response,
or recalling events on prompting, but cannot
explicitly retrieve the information”

A

unconscious memory - implicit memory

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18
Q

“Subjects can retrieve an item and indicate that they know they retrieved the correct item.”

A

conscious memory - explicit memory

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19
Q

Implicit memory = _____ memories

A

unconscious

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20
Q

Explicit memory = _____ memories

A

conscious

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21
Q

On a retention test,

participants identify the image sooner, indicating some form of memory for the image. What type of test is this?

A

Gollin Figure Test

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22
Q

During the Gollin Figure Test, how did amnesic subjects do?

A

also showed improvement on this test even though they didn’t recall doing it - HM is a classic example of this

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23
Q

People with ____ can still perform at normal on tests of implicit memory, even though they cant remember doing the task.

A

amnesia (loss of explicit memory)

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24
Q

“partial or total loss of memory”

A

amnesia

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25
Q

People with amnesia can perform normally on tests of ___ memory but not ___ memory

A

implicit ; explicit

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26
Q

“An understanding of how a problem can be solved with a rule that can be applied in many different situations”

A

Learning set

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27
Q

A learning set depends on ___ memory

A

implicit

28
Q

“Ability to recount what one knows, to detail the time, place, and circumstances of events; often lost in amnesia”

A

declarative memory

29
Q

____ memory is often lost in amnesia

A

declarative

30
Q

“Ability to recall a movement sequence or how to perform

some act or behaviour”

A

procedural memory

31
Q

From a practical point of view, there is little difference between the ___-____ distinction and the ____-____ distinction

A

implicit-explicit ; procedural-declarative

32
Q

Pavlovian conditioning and Thorndike’s and Skinner’s operant learning are forms of
_____ learning.

A

implicit

33
Q

Implicit information is processed in a “___-__” manner

A

bottom-up

34
Q

Explicit information is processed in a “__-__” manner

A

top-down

35
Q

“information is encoded the same way it was perceived”

A

implicit information

36
Q

“subject recognizes the information before it is encoded”

A

explicit information

37
Q

In implicit tasks, the person has a _____ role, whereas in explicit tasks, the person has an _____ role

A

passive ; active

38
Q

“Using a stimulus to sensitize the nervous system to a later presentation of the same or a similar stimulus”

A

priming

39
Q

priming is often used to measure ____ memory

A

implicit

40
Q

“Information is held in memory only briefly, then discarded; involves the frontal lobes”

A

short term memory

41
Q

“information is held in memory indefinitely, perhaps for a lifetime; involves the temporal lobe”

A

long term memory

42
Q

long term memory involves the ____ lobe

A

temporal

43
Q

how long does short term memory last?

A

a few minutes

44
Q

Recall of colours activated a region in the ___ ____ lobe

A

ventral temporal

45
Q

Recall of activation words activated a region in the ___ ____ gyrus

A

middle temporal

46
Q

Personal and autobiographical are types of ____ explicit memory.

A

episodic

47
Q

Facts and knowledge are types of ___ explicit memory.

A

semantic

48
Q

Skills, habits, priming, and conditioning are examples of _____ memory

A

implicit

49
Q

“autobiographical memory for events pegged to specific place and time contexts”

A

episodic memory

50
Q

“inability to recall any personal experience”

A

episodic amnesia

51
Q

Episodic amnesia is associated with ___ lobe injury or reduced blood flow to the ____ lobes

A

frontal

52
Q

“People display virtually complete recall for events in

their lives, usually beginning around age 10”

A

Highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM)

53
Q

People with HSAM have increased gray matter in the ___ and ___ lobes as well as increased size in the fibre projection bewteen the ___ and __ lobes

A

temporal and parietal ; temporal and frontal

54
Q

Severity of memory disturbance related to ____, not ____ of injury

A

size; location

55
Q

Scoville performed what type of resection on HM?

A

bilateral medial temporal lobe resection

56
Q

Patient HM had seizures originating in the region of the _____,
____ _____, and associated subcortical
structures, so Scoville removed them bilaterally

A

amygdala, hippocampal formation

57
Q

Following the surgery, H. M. had severe _____, lacking any ____ memory

A

amnesia; explicit

58
Q

Could HM recall events from his childhood?

A

Yes, he only struggled with recalling events post surgery

59
Q

HM performed well on ____ tests; his performance on ___ memory tests was left intact

A

perceptual; implicit

60
Q

Patient Boswell developed ____ _____ ______ ; this damaged most of his ____ ____ lobes

A

herpes simplex encephalitis; medial temporal

61
Q

Boswell suffers from sever ____ but his ____ memory is still intact

A

amnesia; procedural

62
Q

Patient JK had an impaired ____ memory with intact _____ memory.

A

implicit; explicit

63
Q

JK developed _____ disease in his mid 70’s and started to have memory problems at 78.

A

Parkinsons

64
Q

What couldnt ptient JK do?

A

couldnt perform tasks that he had performed his whole life; eg. turning off the radio

65
Q

Procedural memories probably stored within the…?

A

motor planning area

66
Q

Patient ____ could recall mirror drawing task but never learned anything.

A

JK

PSYC 351D - Final Exam (7 decks)

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