lecture quiz 7: vitamins

Question 1

stronger potency means

Answer 1

less needed to have same effect

Question 2

provitamins

Answer 2

precursor vitamins: compound that can be converted in the body to vitamin (or have same biological activity)

Question 3

example of a provitamin

Answer 3

β-carotene = precursor to vit A (provitamin A)

• only found in plant sources (e.g. corn grain & carrots)
• conversion of β-carotene to vit A activity in body differs among species
  
  • IU value dependent on diff ability to convert to vit A
  • ∴ animals less efficient in conversion must eat more to meed vit requirements

Question 4

3rd reason cats are considered obligate carnivores

Answer 4

cats cannot convert β-carotene to vit A → must obtain in diet from animal tissues in form of preformed vit A

Question 5

vitamin supplements

Answer 5

• may be purchased indiv or as premixes
• may contain both fat & water-soluble vit
• A, E, & D come in injectable for cattle & swine
• various feedstuffs used as carriers (bulkier = less chance of weighing error)

Question 6

vitamin supplements for swine & poultry

Answer 6

1. A
2. D
3. E
4. K
5. niacin (B3)
6. riboflavin (B2)
7. pantothenic acid (B5)
8. cobalamin (B12)

Question 7

vitamin supplements for horses

Answer 7

can meet B vit needs due to mass prod in large intestines (despite poor absorption)

• not harmful to supplement, just expensive

Question 8

vitamin supplements for ruminants

Answer 8

• vit C & D synthesized & rumen make B & K vits
• supplement: A, E, & sometimes D
  
  • sun-cured hay (dried under sun) = enriched in vit D
  • fresh forage = good source of A & E → lose when dried
  • needs balance

Question 9

ingredient list on feed

Answer 9

• required by law
• in order from highest volume in feed to lowest (descending order in concentration)
• doesn’t give percentages or weights/measurements
• applies to human food as well

Question 10

guaranteed analysis

Answer 10

• crude fiber, crude protein, & crude fat proportion required label on animal feed
• tells you percentage of ingredients (nutrient classes & indiv vit & minerals)
• ingredient list + guaranteed analysis gives tiny bit of info about what is in the feed & how much of proteins, vit, minerals you get from specific feed

Question 11

required animal nutrient labels:

Answer 11

1. crude protein
2. crude fiber
3. crude fat

Question 12

human nutrition labels show:

Answer 12

1. nutrients of concern
2. daily requirements (% or weights)

Question 13

vitamins in adequate amounts in swine & poultry diet

Answer 13

corn-soy diet adequate in:

1. E
2. thiamine (B1)
3. B6
4. biotin (B7)

Question 14

human nutrition labels require:

Answer 14

1. calories → can impact weight gain
2. saturated fats → implications for cardiovascular health
3. trans fats → harmful for CHO, heart (FDA banned use of artificial trans fats)
4. CHO
5. sodium → nutrient of concern for overconsumption
6. potassium → nutrient of concern for underconsumption
7. vit D → nutrient of concern for underconsumption