lecture 7: vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

vitamin volume in animal diet

A
  • present in minute quantities
  • effective in small amounts
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2
Q

absence or inefficiency in vitamins results in

A

specific deficiency disease or syndrome (e.g. lack of Vit D results in rickets/osteomalacia)

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3
Q

examples of vit that are not essential for some species

A
  1. vit D: most animals can make via capturing UV rays in skin & converting in liver but usually not in sufficient quantities so needs supplimentation
  2. vit C: ruminants, dogs, & cats can make
  3. vit K & B vitamins: ruminants can make via microbial fermentation
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4
Q

classes of vitamins

A
  1. fat soluble → body structure
  2. water-soluble → fxn as cofactors for enzymes in biochemical rxns (metabolism)
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5
Q

fat-soluble vitamins

A
  • A (retinol) → important for bone formation, vision, epithelial tissue maintenance
  • D (ergocalciferol [D2] in plants & cholecalciferol [D3] in animal tissues) → Ca & P absorption for bone formation
  • E (⍺-tocopherol) → antioxidant & muscle structure
  • K → blood clotting & post-synthesis protein modification
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6
Q

water-soluble vitamins

A
  • fxn as cofactors for enzymes in biochemical rxns (metabolism)
  • C
  • B complex:
    • thiamine (B1)
    • riboflavin (B2)
    • niacin (B3)
    • pantothenic acid (B5)
    • biotin (B7)
    • cobalamin (B12)
    • folic acid (B9)
    • choline (not a vitamin but similar properties to B vit)
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7
Q

vitamin units of measurement

A
  • water-soluble vit & vit K are measured in weight (mcg or mg)
  • vit A, D, & E are measured in international units (IU) = standardizes biological effect of a given substance (measures potency not amount)
    • 1 IU of vit E = 1 mg of ⍺-tocopherol acetate = 0.9 mg ⍺-tocopherol (alcohol) → acetate = less potent because you need more of it to have same effect
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8
Q

B vitamins

A
  • water-soluble
  1. thiamine (B1)
  2. riboflavin (B2)
  3. niacin (B3)
  4. pantothenic acid (B5)
  5. biotin (B7)
  6. folic acid (B9)
  7. cobalamin (B12)
  8. choline → not a vit but similar properties to B vit
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9
Q

vit A

A

aka retinol = fat-soluble vit important for:

  1. bone formation
  2. vision
  3. epithelial tissue maintenance
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10
Q

vit D

A
  • fat-soluble vit
  • ergocalciferol [D2] in plants
  • cholecalciferol [D3] in animal tissues
  • critical for Ca & P absorption → fxns in bone formation
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11
Q

vit E

A

aka ⍺-tocopherol = fat-soluble vit that acts as antioxidant & fxns in muscle structure

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12
Q

vit K

A

fat-soluble vit that fxns in blood clotting & post-synthesis protein modification

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13
Q

vit B1

A

thiamine

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14
Q

vit B2

A

riboflavin

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15
Q

vit B3

A

niacin
(water soluble)

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16
Q

vit B5

A

pantothenic acid

17
Q

vit B7

A

biotin

18
Q

vit B12

A

cobalamin

19
Q

vit B9

A

folic acid