feedstuffs Flashcards

1
Q

corn gluten meal

A
  • byproduct of wet corn milling industry (manufacturing corn starch & corn syrup)
  • used in ruminant & non-ruminant diets including pet foods
  • starch only (endosperm only) = pure protein
  • yellowish-brown color w/ granular texture
  • bran = tip cap + pericap removed during milling process
    • endosperm & germ also separated
    • w/in endosperm can separate germ
  • can feed to ruminants, non-ruminants, & pet food
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2
Q

does corn have gluten?

A

no, gluten-free (only gluten in small grains e.g. wheat, barley, oats, rye)

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3
Q

celiacs disease

A

allergy to gluten (immune rxn to gluten at intestinal level)

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4
Q

sunflower meal

A
  • byproduct of sunflower oil prod
  • high in protein & fiber
  • not suitable for feeding to non-ruminants
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5
Q

distillers grain

A
  • main byproduct of ethanol prod from corn (or mix of corn & other grains)
    • grind to make meal out of corn, soak & expose to enzymes that turn starch into sugar then use anaerobic fermentation to convert sugar to ethanol
    • distillation ↑ [ethanol]
    • anything left = distillers grain
    • w/out starch: ↑ [protein] & other nutrients
  • primarily used in ruminant diets (feedlot & dairy cattle)
  • has fiber content
  • transported by rail
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6
Q

common types of distillers grain

A
  1. wet distillers grain (WDG) contains 70% moisture & has shelf-life of 4-5d ∴ only used in farms close to prod of ethanol
  2. dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is WDG that has been dried w/ concentrated stillage to 10-12% moisture (stillage has soluble sugars)
    • almost indefinite shelf-life
    • may be shipped to any farm regardless of proximity to ethanol plant
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7
Q

brewers grain

A
  • can be wet or dried
  • solid residue left after the processing of germinated & dried grains (malt) for the prod of beer
  • high in fiber
  • mainly barley or rice
  • primarily used in rumen diets (mostly fed as wet & close to prod site)
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8
Q

animal byproducts

A
  • meat & bone meal (MBM) ➞ high in good quality protein + good source of Ca & P
    • cheap & nutritious byproduct of meat industry
    • MBM = byproduct of rendering industry
  • obtained by rendering of slaughterhouse byproduct of animal origin during the processing of carcasses
    • cooked in high pressure & temp
    • remove fat/oil ➞ tallow or lard
    • excludes liquid blood, hair, hooves, hide, stomach, & rumen
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9
Q

dried blood plasma

A
  • meat industry byproduct produced by adding anticoagulant to freshly collected blood separating the plasma from RBC by centrifuge & spray-drying
  • higher qulity & more palatable than blood meal
  • high in protein
  • have immunological benefits ➞ good source of immunoglobulins
  • high cost limits use
  • fed in starter diets to early-weaned pigs & also in pet food
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10
Q

blood meal

A
  • byproduct of the meat industry
  • produced by grinding dried blood into a meal
  • high in protein, Fe, & N but lower in palatability & digestibility than many other protein sources
  • used in limited amounts in young pigs
  • not very common
  • mode blood meal used as fertilizer for organic crop prod
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11
Q

fish meal

A
  • fish caught for animal feed
  • byproduct from fish processed for humans
  • w/ or w/out extraction of oil
  • high CP
  • good source of omega-3s
  • used in poultry diets, pet foods, aquaculture diets, weaning pigs diets
  • concerns:
    1. high oil
    2. rancidity
    3. fishy odors & flavors
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12
Q

poultry litter

A
  • used as source of NPN for ruminants ONLY (non-lactating cattle)
  • CP 28-35%
  • much of N in form of NPN (uric acid then w/ fermentation comes urea & ammonia)
  • main prod of protein digestion = uric acid (not urea ➞ no bladders) ∴ feces from chx has higher N than other species
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13
Q

urea

A
  • NPN ∴ should only be fed to ruminants
  • feed grade urea contains 45%N or 281% CP
  • cheap & convenient: 1lb of urea + 6lb of grain is like feeding 7lbs of soybean meal
  • can be toxic in excess
  • max 1.5% of total diet DM basis can be urea
  • diets w/ added urea should contain readily available C sources for energy
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