ration formulation Flashcards

1
Q

manual ration formulation

A
  • need animal’s requirements
  • need feedstuffs used & their compositions
  • need mathematical way to combine feedstuffs to satisfy requirements
  • balanced diet doesn’t necessarily have every nutrient in exactly the correct amount → has nutrient needs met w/out any of the nutrients in excess so much that it’s harmful
  • ration based on percentage of diet (works well w/ chx & poultry)
    • works well when you don’t need to worry about how much an animal will consume → let animal eat all they can (free access)
  • ration based on per head per day more useful for ruminants & horses
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2
Q

balancing on a % ration basis

A
  • can be done on as-fed OR DM basis (convert PRN at the end)
    - e.g. pigs & swine have high DM so can do as-fed & convert at end
    - high-moisture feeds should convert DM first
  • all feedstuffs must add up to 100 (100kg or 100 lbs or 100%)
  • leave a certain amount of slack space for adding vit/min, abx (3%)
  • can have “fixed” ingredients but must specify the amount
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3
Q

considerations for ruminant rations

A
  • balancing ration on a ‘quantity per animal per day’ basis is more useful for ruminants & horses
  • balance on a DM basis & convert to as-fed at the end
  • focus on energy requirements first or animal can gain/lose weight but need to balance for CP as well
  • must consider the amount that an animal can eat (e.g. % of BW) → nutrients must fit w/in that amount
    • poor quality forage (mature - has ↑ CWF/NDF) can limit the amount the animal is able to consume
  • ↑ NDF ↓ intake (inverse relationship)
    • animal can consume 2.5-3% BW of high forage quality (<50% NDF)
    • animal can consume 2% BW medium forage quality (50-60% NDF)
    • animal can consume 1-1.5% BW of low forage quality (>60% NDF)
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4
Q

what percentage of BW can an animal consume of poor quality forage (>60% NDF)?

A

1-1.5%

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5
Q

what percentage of BW can an animal consume of medium quality forage (50-60% NDF)?

A

2%

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6
Q

what percentage of BW can an animal consume of high quality forage (<50% NDF)?

A

2.5-3%

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7
Q

limitations of algebraic solutions in ration formulation

A
  1. can only work with 2 feedstuffs/mixes at a time
  2. can only balance 1 nutrient at a time
  3. no flexibility on target value (set)
  4. cannot set a minimum or maximum value
  5. no ability to optimize cost ➔ stuck w/ the cost of those 2 ingredients
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8
Q

advantages of ration formulation programs/software

A

able to deal simultaneously with:

  1. multiple nutrients
  2. numerous feedstuffs
  3. ranges (minimum & maximum)
  4. least cost ration formulation
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9
Q

requirements for ration formulation programs/software

A
  1. know composition & prices of feedstuffs
  2. good selection of feeds & ingredients
  3. knowlege to evaluate the final ration: practicality, palatability, toxicity
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