lecture quiz 2 Flashcards
What is huntington’s disease?
progressive, genetic condition of CNS. Neurons in the brain (UMN) degenerate-basal ganglia
life expectancy 15-20 yrs after diagnosis
Movement symptoms of huntingtons
clumsiness, figety, tics, dystonic postures, bradykinesia, rigidity, decreased ambulation, decreased speak/swallow
impaired eye movements
cognitive symptoms of huntingtons
decreased concentration,memory,impaired executive functioning, dementia
Can produce delusions, psychosis, depression/anxiety
NO CURE
What is dystonia?
co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles causing abnormal and distorted positions of limbs/trunk/face or other body parts
common, can be primary or secondary
Causes of primary dystonia
Basal ganglia dysfunction, gene deletion, dopa-responsive dystonia (childhood onset)
treatment of dystonia
anticholinergic medications which block acetylcholine
Botulinum toxin (Botox)
Cerebelllar artery infarct/hemorrhage
Vertigo/nausea/vomiting/nystagmus/limb ataxia
High blood pressure/arteriovenous malformation
What is ataxia?
irregular and uncooordinated movements ipsilaerally
midline cerebellum lesion-truncal ataxia/eye movement difficulies/vertigo
lateral lesion-appendicular ataxia
Description of ataxia
irregular, wavering
overshooting, overcorrecting then overshooting around intended target
dysrythmia-abnormal timing
dysmetria-decreased control of dostance, ROM
Types of stroke
thrombosis-blockage usually caused by blood clot
embolism-blockage caused by a clot from another part of body
blockages can be small in nature
What is MCA syndrome for stroke?
Middle cerebral artery
most common/aphasia/face and arm or arm and leg sensorimotor loss
gaze preference towards side of lesion
what is PCA for stroke?
posterior cerebral artery
visual field deficits
contralateral sensory loss
contralateral hemiparesis
aphasia
What is ACA for stroke?
sensory loss
affects contralateral leg more than amr/face
hemiparesis
motor aphasia
alien hand syndrome
sensory impairments from stroke
decreased tactile sensation
paresthesia
hemianopsia
motor impairments caused by stroke
weakness or paralysis of opposite side of body opposite to brain damage
ataxia/apraxia
spasticity
contractus
dysphasia
what is brocas aphasia?
labored speech, slow and difficult to understand, difficulty with oral expression
what is wernickes aphasia?
effortless speech but incoherent word usage, unaware of deficits
what is a closed head injury?
car accident/baseball bat
cause by impact
secondary phase of damage comes from swelling or hematoma
what is an open head injury?
skull is fractured, pushes bone, hair, skin, other fragments into head to damage brain
what is blast injury?
caused by blast wave
flying debris
how to classify TBI injury?
Mid: glascow 13 or higher
concussion
Moderate: Glasgow 9-12
loss of consciousness confused/disoriented
Severe: Glasgow 8 or lesss
coma/vegetative state
