Lecture Questions Flashcards
A nurse is caring for an infant who has just been born. The nurse knows that Vitamin K will be administered shortly after birth. What is the primary reason for this intervention?
a. Newborns are born with high levels of Vitamin K, which requires supplementation to prevent clotting.
b. Vitamin K is given to prevent jaundice and hyperbilirubinemia in newborns.
c. Newborns are at risk of bleeding due to low levels of Vitamin K at birth.
d. Vitamin K is used to prevent adverse effects from antibiotics commonly given to newborns.
c. Newborns are at risk of bleeding due to low levels of Vitamin K at birth.
A nurse is educating a patient who is starting a GLP-1 agonist injection. Which of the following statements about GLP-1 agonists is most accurate?
a. GLP-1 agonists should be used in Type 1 diabetes to help with glucose control because they increase insulin secretion.
b. These medications can be safely used during pregnancy and lactation because they have no known risks to the baby.
c. GLP-1 agonists can improve lipid profiles and reduce inflammation, which helps lower cardiovascular problems.
d. GLP-1 agonists should be given on an empty stomach to minimize GI upset.
c. GLP-1 agonists can improve lipid profiles and reduce inflammation, which helps lower cardiovascular problems.
A nurse is educating a patient about the potential side effects and interactions of this medication. Which of the following statements is true about SGLT-2 inhibitors is most accurate?
a. SGLT-2 inhibitors increase glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to decreased urination and fluid retention.
b. SGLT-2 inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of GI upset, including nausea and vomiting.
c. Rifampin enhances the effectiveness of SGLT-2 inhibitors by increasing their metabolism and action.
d. These medications can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and yeast infections due to the sugar-rich environment they create in the urinary tract.
d. These medications can increase the risk of urinary tract infections and yeast infections due to the sugar-rich environment they create in the urinary tract.
A 58 year old patient with Type 2 diabetes is prescribed a sulfonylurea as part of their treatment plan. The nurse provides education regarding the use of sulfonylureas. Which of the following statements about sulfonylureas is most accurate?
a. Sulfonylureas are most effective when taken without making lifestyle changes.
b. The medication can be used in patients with Type 1 diabetes since it stimulates insulin release.
c. Sulfonylureas are the preferred medication for controlling glucose levels during pregnancy and lactation.
d. Hypoglycemia is a common adverse effect, especially if the patient experiences anorexia.
d. Hypoglycemia is a common adverse effect, especially if the patient experiences anorexia.
A 10 year old child with Type 1 diabetes is admitted to the hospital. The nurse is aware that monitoring and managing diabetes in children can be more challenging than in adults. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the care of children with diabetes?
a. The insulin dosages for children are usually higher and require less frequent monitoring.
b. It is important to involve all adults in the child’s life to improve adherence to the diabetes care plan.
c. Teenagers are less likely to struggle with following their prescribed diet and injection regimen.
d. Children with diabetes have the same reserves as adults, giving them more time to compensate for fluctuations in glucose levels.
b. It is important to involve all adults in the child’s life to improve adherence to the diabetes care plan.
A 55-year-old patient with a history of Type 2 diabetes presents with consistently high blood glucose levels. The nurse provides education on the long-term effects of uncontrolled diabetes. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of chronic untreated diabetes?
a. Improved endothelial function leading to better blood flow.
b. Decreased insulin resistance and improved glucose regulation.
c. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species causing damage to blood vessels.
d. Reduction in urinary glucose excretion due to improved kidney function.
c. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species causing damage to blood vessels.
A patient brings their 4-year-old child to the clinic because they have noticed that their child’s legs are becoming bowed. The child also has a history of delayed growth. Which of the following conditions is most likely causing the child’s symptoms?
a. Rickets
b. Osteoporosis
c. Osteomalacia
d. Hypervitaminosis D
a. Rickets
A nurse is educating a patient about the role of vitamins and minerals in maintaining health. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding the differences between vitamins and minerals?
a. Vitamins are produced by the body and do not need to be obtained through diet, while minerals must always be obtained through diet.
b. Vitamins are inorganic substances that occur naturally in the body, while minerals are organic substances that must be obtained through diet.
c. Both vitamins and minerals are produced by the body and do not require dietary intake for optimal health.
d. Vitamins are essential for growth and maintenance for the body and are obtained through organic sources, while minerals occur naturally in the earth and must be obtained from non-organic sources.
d. Vitamins are essential for growth and maintenance for the body and are obtained through organic sources, while minerals occur naturally in the earth and must be obtained from non-organic sources.
A patient is prescribed onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of chronic migraine headaches. The nurse reviews the patient’s medical history and notes the patient has a known allergy to botulinum toxin and a history of mild liver disease. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
a. Hold the onabotulinumtoxinA treatment and contact the healthcare provider to discusss an alternative treatment plan.
b. Administer the onabotulinumtoxinA as prescribed and monitor the patient for any allergic reaction.
c. Educate the patient about the risk of anaphylactic reactions and continue the medication as prescribed.
d. Encourage the patient to increase fluids to prevent liver damage from the onabotulinumtoxinA injection.
a. Hold the onabotulinumtoxinA treatment and contact the healthcare provider to discusss an alternative treatment plan.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of epilepsy and heart disease who is prescribed tizanidine for muscle spasms. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize?
a. Monitor the patient for signs of increased muscle weakness, as tizanidine may exacerbate symptoms in patients with myasthenia gravis.
b. Educate the patient that tizanidine is safe to use during pregnancy, as it does not cross the placenta.
c. Encourage the patient to take tizanidine as prescribed without any adjustments, as it is not metabolized by the liver.
d. Assess the patient for hypotension or arrhythmias, as tizanidine may worsen cardiac conditions in patients with heart disease.
d. Assess the patient for hypotension or arrhythmias, as tizanidine may worsen cardiac conditions in patients with heart disease.
A patient is prescribed phenobarbital for seizure management and digoxin for heart failure. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize?
a. Administer the prescribed dose of phenobarbital and inform the patient that digoxin will likely be more effective while taking this medication.
b. Educate the patient to increase their intake of fluids to prevent dehydration, as this combination of medications increases the risk of digoxin toxicity.
c. Monitor the patient’s heart failure symptoms closely, as phenobarbital can decrease the effectiveness of digoxin, which may worsen heart failure.
d. Ensure that the patient continues taking their digoxin as prescribed but monitor for signs of increased digoxin effectiveness.
c. Monitor the patient’s heart failure symptoms closely, as phenobarbital can decrease the effectiveness of digoxin, which may worsen heart failure.
A nurse is reviewing the medication plan for a 75-year-old patient prescribed an anxiolytic medication. The patient also has a history of liver dysfunction. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize?
a. Administer the medication as prescribed and monitor the patient for signs of CNS depression.
b. Withhold the medication and contact the healthcare provider to discuss potential adjustments due to the patient’s liver dysfunction.
c. Administer the medication as prescribed, but advise the patient to avoid alcohol to minimize the risk of CNS depression.
d. Encourage the patient to use over-the-counter antihistamines as an alternative to the anxiolytic medication.
b. Withhold the medication and contact the healthcare provider to discuss potential adjustments due to the patient’s liver dysfunction.
A nurse is reviewing a 68-year-old patient’s medical history before administering an anticholinergic medication for Parkinson’s disease. The patient has a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension. What is the nurse’s best course of action?
a. Withhold the anticholinergic medication and notifiy the provider due to the patient’s BPH and hypertension.
b. Instruct the patient to increase fluid intake and avoid heat eposure while on the medication.
c. Administer the anticholinergic medication as prescribed, as the patient has not contraindications.
d. Administer the medication but monitor the patient for signs of tachycardia and urinary retention.
a. Withhold the anticholinergic medication and notifiy the provider due to the patient’s BPH and hypertension.
A nurse is assessing a patient with Parkinson’s disease who has been prescribed dopaminergic agents. The nurse notes that the patient has a history of asthma. What is the most appropriate nursing action?
a. Encourage the patient to perform deep breathing exercises before taking the medication.
b. Increase the dose of the medication to ensure better efficacy in patients with asthma.
c. Withhold the dopaminergic agent and notify the provider due to the risk of asthma exacerbation.
d. Administer the medication as prescribed but monitor for signs of bronchospasm.
d. Administer the medication as prescribed but monitor for signs of bronchospasm.
A 67-year-old patient has been diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease. The nurse observes that the patient has a shuffling gait, mask-like facial expressions, and difficulty swallowing. The nurse should prioritize which of the following nursing interventions to ensure the patient’s safety?
a. Encourage the patient to walk as much as possible to maintain mobility.
b. Provide oral medications without performing a swallow test, as the patient has no cognitive impairment.
c. Monitor the patient for signs of aspiration and perform a swallow test before administering oral medications.
d. Instuct the patient to limit speech therapy to once a week to avoid overexertion.
c. Monitor the patient for signs of aspiration and perform a swallow test before administering oral medications.
Why is patient teaching an important part of administering immune sera? Select all that apply.
a. Improves patient compliance
b. Includes the patient in their care.
c. Educates the patient about treating adverse reactions.
d. Educates the patient about the drug being administered.
e. Ensures the patient will follow instructions.
a. Improves patient compliance
b. Includes the patient in their care.
c. Educates the patient about treating adverse reactions.
d. Educates the patient about the drug being administered.
Nothing ensures the patient will follow the instructions; however, patient teaching does improve patient compliance by involving them in the plan of care.
