Exam #3 Drug Names Flashcards
Epoetin Alfa
Darbopoetin Alfa
Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents
(Anemias associated with chronic renal failure, anemia from chemotherapy, decreases need for blood transfusions in surgical patients)
Ferrous Asparate
Ferrous Fumarate
Ferrous Gluconate
Ferrous Sulfate
Iron Dextran
Iron Sucrose
Agents used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia
Deferasirox
Deferiprone
Deferoxamine mesylate
Chelating Agents
antidote to iron toxicity
Folic Acid
Leucovorin
Levoleucovorin
Hydroxocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin
Agents used to treat Megaloblastic Anemias
Megaloblastic anemia, replacement therapy for dietary deficiencies. Folic acid is used as a rescue drug for cells exposed to some toxic chemotherapeutic agents
Hydroxyurea
Agent for treating Sickle Cell Anemia
Morphine
Hydromorphine
Codeine
Oxycodone
Fentanyl
Hydrocodone
Opioid Agonists
relief of severe acute or chronic pain
Analgesia used during anesthesia
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine
Opioid Agonist-Antagonists
moderate to severe pain
some are used to treat opioid addiction
Naloxone
Naltrexone
Opioid Antagonists
Naloxone: reverses adverse effects of opioids, diagnoses suspected opioid overdose
Naltrexone: used in the management of alcohol or opioid dependence
Dihydroergotamine
Ergotamine
Ergot Derivatives
Prevent or treat migraine, vascular, or cluster headaches
Eletriptan
Sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan
Triptans
Treat acute migraine headaches
Rimegepant
Ubrogepant
CGRP Inhibitors
treat acute migraine headaches
Lasmiditan
Serotonin Agonist
Treats acute migraine headache with or without an aura in adults
“-conazole”
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Voriconazole
Systemic Azole Antifungals
Treat fungal infections
less toxic and less effective than other antifungals
“-fungin”
Caspofungin
Micafungin
Systemic Echinocandin Antifungals
Treat fungal infections
🚫 Caspofungin with cyclosporine (liver injury)
🩸 Can cause bone marrow suppression
Amphotericin B
Other Systemic Antifungal
Treats fungal infections
🫘 Can cause renal toxicity
🩸 Can cause bone marrow suppression
😱 Very effective and very TOXIC
Griseofulvin
Other Systemic Antifungal
Treats fungal infections
💅 Used frequently in nail and scalp infections
Nystatin
Other Systemic Antifungal
Treats fungal infections
👅 Frequently used for oral candida (thrush)
“-azole”
Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Tioconazole
Terbinafine
Tolnaftate
Topical Antifungals
Local treatment for dermatophytes, including tinea (ringworm) infections
Do not apply to open wounds
Gentamicin
“-mycin”
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Toramycin
Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Bactericidal (often serious infections)
🚫 with penicillins or cephalosporins
🚫 with loop diuretics
Can cause 👂ototoxicity,
🫘nephrotoxicity, and 🩸bone marrow depression
“-penem”
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem-cilastatin
Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam
Meropenem
Meopenem-vaborbactam
Carbapenem Antibiotics
Bactericidal (broad spectrum)
🚫 caution if allergic to beta-lactams
🤢 Can cause toxic GI effects
“cef-“ or “ceph-“
Cephalexin
cefactor
cefoxitin
cefuroxime
Cefdinir
cefotaxime
cefpodoxime
ceftriaxone
ceftolozane-tazobactam
ceftaroline
Cephalosporin Antibiotics
Bactericidal and bacteriostatic
🚫 Caution if allergic to penicillin
🚫 with aminoglycosides
🚫 with Warfarin
Can cause 🫘 nephrotoxicity, 🤢 toxic GI effects
“-floxacin”
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Ofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics
Bacteriostatic (broad spectrum)
🚫 with Theophylline
🚫 with NSAIDs
Can cause bone marrow depression and prolonged QT interval
Black Box Warning: risk for tendinitis, tendon rupture (mostly Achilles), CNS effects inc. hallucinations
“-icillin”
Penicillin G bensathine
Penicillin G potassium
Penicillin G procaine
Penicillin V
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Penicillin and Penicillinase-Resistant Antibiotics
Bactericidal (broad spectrum)
🚫 Caution with allergy to cephalosporins
“sulfa-“
sulfadiazine
sulfasalazine
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Sulfonamide Antibiotics
Bacteriostatic - by inhibiting folic acid synthesis
🚫 Caution with allergy to thiazide diuretics
🚫 with antidiabetics
🚫 with Cyclosporine
🚫 Caution with renal disease/kidney stones
Can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome and bone marrow depression
“-cycline”
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline
Tetracycline Antibiotics
(Bacteriostatic)
🚫 Caution with children under 8
🚫 with digoxin
Can damage teeth and bones
Administer on an empty stomach
Clindamycin
Lincomycin
Lincosamide Antibiotics
Used for serious infections
“van”
telavancin
dalbavancin
oritavancin
vancomycin
Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics
All IV except for vancomycin which is both Oral and IV
Oral vancomycin used to treat C. diff.
- When infusion is given rapidly or for the 1st infusion: can cause Red Man Syndrome: very sudden hypotension, flushing, pruritis, red rash on face
- Vancomycin: VERY irritating to the VEIN
- Risk of nephrotoxicity, prolonged QT interval, and foamy urine
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Fidaxomicin
Macrolide Antibiotics
Fidaxomycin treats C. diff.
Tedizolid
Linezolid
Oxazolidinone Antibiotics
Can cause HTN
Aztreonam
Monobactam Antibiotic
IV/IM only
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol
Antimycobacterial/ Antituberculosis Drugs
Never use a single drug - always a combination of two
REDfampin = can cause bodily fluids to turn RED (urine, sweat, tears, saliva)
Rifampin and Isoniazid = can cause liver toxicity (closely monitor if used together)
Ethambutol = can cause eye/vision issues
Amantadine
Oseltamivir
Peramivir
Rimantadine
Zanamivir
Antivirals used for Influenza A and other Respiratory Viruses
🚫 with Renal impairment
🚫 in pregnancy/lactation
Peramivir can cause Stevens Johnson syndrome
“-clovir”
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Valacyclovir
Valganciclovir
Antivirals used for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus
🚫 with pregnancy/lactation, renal disease, and severe CNS disorders
🚫 with Zidovudine or other nephrotoxic drugs
Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Nevirapine
NONnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Treat HIV
🚫 with pregnancy/lactation
Abacavir
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Zidovudine
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Treat HIV
🚫 with lactation
Stop immediately with any flu-like symptoms
“-navir”
Darunavir
Fosamprenavir
Lopinavir
Ritonavir
Tipranavir
Protease Inhibitors
Treat HIV
🚫 with lactation and hepatic dysfunction
🚫 other hepatotoxic drugs
Can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome and elevated cholesterol
Preferred drug in pregnancy
Enfuvirtide
Fusion Inhibitors
Treat HIV
🚫 with lactation and liver disease
Black Box warning: Severe liver toxicity
“-gravir”
Dolutegravir
Raltegravir
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
Treat HIV
🚫 Caution with rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, pregnancy
Can cause suicidal ideation
Adefovir
Entecavir
Anti-hepatitis B Agents
Treats symptoms of Hepatitis B (cannot be cured)
🚫 with lactation
🚫 Other nephrotoxic drugs
Velpatasvir-sofosbuvir
Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir
Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir
Elbasvir-grazoprevir
Anti-Hepatitis C agents
Treat Hepatitis C (can be cured)
🚫 with pregnancy/lactation
🚫 with protease inhibitors and St. John’s Wort
🚫 Caution with liver disease
Docosanol
Ganciclovir
Penciclovir
Acyclovir
Locally Active Antiviral Agents
Treat specific local viral infections
“quin”
Quinine
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine
Anti-malarials
Treat malaria
🚫 with pregnancy/lactation
🚫 caution with liver disease, alcoholism, retinal disease, psoriasis, or porphyria
🚫 with Anti-folate drugs
Can cause ototoxicity and blindness
Atovaquone
Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Prevents and treats Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)
🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease
Metronidazole
Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis
🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease
Pentamidine
Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats PCP, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis
🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease
Tinidazole
Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats trichomoniasis, giardiasis, amebiasis
🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease
Benznidazole
Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats pediatric patients with Chagas
🚫 with anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with hepatic disease, and CNS disease
Pyrimethamine
Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats toxoplasmosis
🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease
Levothyroxine
Liothyronine
Liotrix
Thyroid desiccated
Thyroid Hormones
Treat hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, suppress pituitary TSH in euthyroid goiters, manage thryoid cancer, treat thyrotoxicosis in conjunction with other therapy
🚫 with acute MI
🚫 caution with hypoadrenal conditions
🚫 with oral anticoagulants, digoxin, or theophylline
NO adverse effects with correct dose
Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole
Anti-thyroid Agents: Thiomides
Treat hyperthyroidism
Methimazole can cause bone marrow suppression
PTU can cause severe liver toxicity
🚫 with anticoagulants, theophylline, beta-blockers, and digoxin
Strong Iodide Solution
Potassium Iodide
Sodium Iodide I(131) and I(123)
Antithyroid Agents: Iodine Solutions
Treat hyperthyroidism, radiation emergencies, suppression of thyroid gland before surgery, acute thyrotoxicosis
🚫 with anticoagulants, theophylline, beta-blockers, or digoxin
Teriparatide
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitriol (Vit. D)
Antihypocalcemic Agents
Treat hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism; teriparatide treats osteoporosis
🚫 with Magnesium containing antacids or digoxin
Etidronate
Ibandronate
Pamidronate
Risedronate
Alendronate
Antihypercalcemic Agents: Biphosphonates
Treat osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease
🚫 caution with renal dysfunction and GI disease
🚫 with hypocalcemia
Can cause esophageal erosion
Can cause bone pain
🚫 with aspirin
Calcitonin salmon
Antihypercalcemic Agents: Calcitonins
Treat osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, emergency treatment of hypercalcemia
🚫 with allergy to fish
🚫 caution with pregnancy, renal dysfunction, and pernicious anemia
Can cause flushing of the face and hands
Amantadine
Carbidopa-levodopa
Levodopa
Rasagiline
Ropinirole
Dopaminergic Agents
Treat signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease
🚫 with glaucoma, lactation
🚫 caution with several things including CV disease and asthma
🚫 with MAOIs or Vit. B6
🚫 Carbidopa-Levodopa with Iron salts
🚫 Rasagiline with tyramine containing foods, meperidine, St. John’s wort, and acetaminophen
Can cause orthostatic hypotension
Benztropine
Diphenhydramine
Anticholinergics used to treat Parkinsonism
*Also relieves extrapyramidal disorders associated with some drugs
🚫 with any condition that would be exacerbated by blocking the PNS
🚫 caution with pregnancy, lactation, tachycardia, hypertension
🚫 with other anticholinergic drugs or antipsychotics
Entacapone
Safinamide
Selegiline
Tolcapone
Adjunctive Agents for treatment of parkinsonism
Tolcapone: can cause fatal liver damage
Use barrier contraceptives with Entacapone and Tolcapone
“-pam” or “-lam”
Alprazolam
Clonazapam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam
Temazepam
Benzodiazepenes
Treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, panic disorders, restless leg syndrome, seizure disorders, insomnia
🚫 with pyschosis, glaucoma, shock, coma, acute alcohol intoxication, pregnancy/lactation
🚫 caution in older adults, renal and hepatic dysfunction
Black Box warning: use with opioids can result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death
🚫 with other CNS depressants, cimetidine, oral contraceptives, disulfiram, theophylline
Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Secobarbital
Barbituates
Treat s/s of anxiety, induce sedation, treat insomnia, used in preanesthesia, treat seizures
Very sedating
🚫 with alcohol, antihistamines, other tranquilizers, phenytoin, MAOIs
Decreases effectiveness of anticoagulants, digoxin, TCAs, corticosteroids, and oral contraceptives
Promethazine Diphenhydramine
Antihistamines used as anxiolytic/hypnotic
Used pre and postoperatively to decrease need for opioids
Buspirone
Other Anxiolytic
Treats s/s of anxiety without sedating effect
Takes 1-4 weeks to start working
Eszopiclone
Other Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drug
*Treats insomnia
Can cause sleep driving
Take before bed - allow 8 hours of sleeptime
Ramelteon
Other Anxiolytic and Hynotic Drugs
Treats insomnia characterized with difficulty with sleep onset
Suvorexant
Other Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs
Treats insomnia
Zaleplon
Zolpidem
Other Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs
Short term treatment of insomnia
Very sedating. Can cause sleep driving
Baclofen
Carisoprodol
Cyclobenzaprine
Metaxalone
Methocarbamol
Tizanidine
Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Treat acute painful musculoskeletal conditions
🚫 with Rheumatic disorders
🚫 caution with epilepsy, CV disease, marked muscle weakness, hepatic or renal impairment, pregnancy/lactation
🚫 with other CNS depressants
Dantrolene
IncobotulinumtoxinA
OnabotulinumtoxinA
RimabotulinumtoxinB
Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Treat spasticity directly affecting peripheral muscle contraction
OnabotulinumtoxinA = used for wrinkles
🚫 with WOMEN/estrogen
🚫 with pregnancy/lactation
🚫 with hepatic disease
🚫 with neuromuscular junction blockers
Amphetamine
Armodafinil
Atomoxetine
Dexmethylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Lisdexamfetamine
Methylphenidate
Modafinil
CNS Stimulants
Treat ADHD and Narcolepsy
🚫 with MAOIs or TCAs
🚫 with some OTC cold medications
🚫 with caffeine
🚫 with glaucoma, cardiac disease, or marked anxiety
🚫 caution with history of seizures, Hx of drug dependence, hypertension, or pregnancy/lactation
NPH
Intermediate Acting Insulin
Regular
Lispro
Inhaled
Aspart
Glulisine
Fast Acting Insulin
Glargine
Detemir
Long Acting Insulin
Tolbutamide
Glipizide
Glyburide
Sulfonylureas
(Treats Type 2 DM)
🚫 with Type 1 DM
🚫 with DKA
🚫 in pregnancy or lactation
🚫 with Beta Blockers, alcohol, or herbal remedies
Metformin
Buguanides
(Treats Type 2 DM: 1st line treatment)
🚫 with severe renal impairment
🚫 with metabolic acidosis
BLACK BOX WARNING: Lactic acidosis
Can cause URI, Taste disturbances, GI effects, HA, dizziness
Sitagliptin
DPP-4 Inhibitor
(Treats Type 2 DM)
🚫 with Type 1 DM or DKA
Adverse effects are rare
“-glinide”
Repaglinide
Nateglinide
Meglitinides
(Treat Type 2 DM)
🚫 with Type 1 DM or DKA
Can cause URIs, Joint Pain, GI effects, HA
Canagliflozin
SGLT-2 Inhibitor
(Treats Type 2 DM)
🚫 in 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy
🚫 in Type 1 DM or DKA
🚫 with Severe Renal Impairment
🚫 with Rifampin
Can cause UTIs and genital fungal infections due to sugar rich urine
Pioglitazone
Thiazolidinediones
(Treats Type 2 DM)
🚫 with moderate or severe heart failure
Can cause increase in total cholesterol, fluid retention, and Upper Respiratory Infections
Semaglutide
Exenatide
GLP-1 agonists
(Treat Type 2 DM and reduces risk of CV events associated with DM2)
🚫 in pregnancy or lactation
🚫 with Type 1 DM or DKA
Can cause pancreatitis
Glucagon
Glucose Elevating Agent
(Treats Hypoglycemia)
🚫 with pregnancy
🚫 with anticoagulants
Can cause alteration in BP
