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Pharmacology Exam #3 > Exam #3 Drug Names > Flashcards

Exam #3 Drug Names Flashcards

1
Q

Epoetin Alfa
Darbopoetin Alfa

A

Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents
(Anemias associated with chronic renal failure, anemia from chemotherapy, decreases need for blood transfusions in surgical patients)

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2
Q

Ferrous Asparate
Ferrous Fumarate
Ferrous Gluconate
Ferrous Sulfate
Iron Dextran
Iron Sucrose

A

Agents used to treat Iron Deficiency Anemia

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3
Q

Deferasirox
Deferiprone
Deferoxamine mesylate

A

Chelating Agents

antidote to iron toxicity

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4
Q

Folic Acid
Leucovorin
Levoleucovorin
Hydroxocobalamin
Cyanocobalamin

A

Agents used to treat Megaloblastic Anemias
Megaloblastic anemia, replacement therapy for dietary deficiencies. Folic acid is used as a rescue drug for cells exposed to some toxic chemotherapeutic agents

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5
Q

Hydroxyurea

A

Agent for treating Sickle Cell Anemia

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6
Q

Morphine
Hydromorphine
Codeine
Oxycodone
Fentanyl
Hydrocodone

A

Opioid Agonists

relief of severe acute or chronic pain
Analgesia used during anesthesia

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7
Q

Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Nalbuphine

A

Opioid Agonist-Antagonists
moderate to severe pain
some are used to treat opioid addiction

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8
Q

Naloxone
Naltrexone

A

Opioid Antagonists
Naloxone: reverses adverse effects of opioids, diagnoses suspected opioid overdose
Naltrexone: used in the management of alcohol or opioid dependence

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9
Q

Dihydroergotamine
Ergotamine

A

Ergot Derivatives
Prevent or treat migraine, vascular, or cluster headaches

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10
Q

Eletriptan
Sumatriptan
Zolmitriptan

A

Triptans
Treat acute migraine headaches

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11
Q

Rimegepant
Ubrogepant

A

CGRP Inhibitors
treat acute migraine headaches

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12
Q

Lasmiditan

A

Serotonin Agonist
Treats acute migraine headache with or without an aura in adults

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13
Q

“-conazole”
Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Ketoconazole
Voriconazole

A

Systemic Azole Antifungals

Treat fungal infections

less toxic and less effective than other antifungals

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14
Q

“-fungin”
Caspofungin
Micafungin

A

Systemic Echinocandin Antifungals

Treat fungal infections

🚫 Caspofungin with cyclosporine (liver injury)

🩸 Can cause bone marrow suppression

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15
Q

Amphotericin B

A

Other Systemic Antifungal
Treats fungal infections

🫘 Can cause renal toxicity
🩸 Can cause bone marrow suppression
😱 Very effective and very TOXIC

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16
Q

Griseofulvin

A

Other Systemic Antifungal
Treats fungal infections

💅 Used frequently in nail and scalp infections

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17
Q

Nystatin

A

Other Systemic Antifungal
Treats fungal infections

👅 Frequently used for oral candida (thrush)

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18
Q

“-azole”
Clotrimazole
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Tioconazole

Terbinafine
Tolnaftate

A

Topical Antifungals
Local treatment for dermatophytes, including tinea (ringworm) infections

Do not apply to open wounds

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19
Q

Gentamicin
“-mycin”
Neomycin
Streptomycin
Toramycin

A

Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Bactericidal (often serious infections)

🚫 with penicillins or cephalosporins
🚫 with loop diuretics

Can cause 👂ototoxicity,
🫘nephrotoxicity, and 🩸bone marrow depression

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20
Q

“-penem”
Doripenem
Ertapenem
Imipenem-cilastatin
Imipenem-cilastatin-relebactam
Meropenem
Meopenem-vaborbactam

A

Carbapenem Antibiotics
Bactericidal (broad spectrum)

🚫 caution if allergic to beta-lactams
🤢 Can cause toxic GI effects

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21
Q

“cef-“ or “ceph-“
Cephalexin
cefactor
cefoxitin
cefuroxime
Cefdinir
cefotaxime
cefpodoxime
ceftriaxone
ceftolozane-tazobactam
ceftaroline

A

Cephalosporin Antibiotics
Bactericidal and bacteriostatic

🚫 Caution if allergic to penicillin
🚫 with aminoglycosides
🚫 with Warfarin

Can cause 🫘 nephrotoxicity, 🤢 toxic GI effects

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22
Q

“-floxacin”
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Ofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics
Bacteriostatic (broad spectrum)

🚫 with Theophylline
🚫 with NSAIDs

Can cause bone marrow depression and prolonged QT interval
Black Box Warning: risk for tendinitis, tendon rupture (mostly Achilles), CNS effects inc. hallucinations

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23
Q

“-icillin”
Penicillin G bensathine
Penicillin G potassium
Penicillin G procaine
Penicillin V
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin

A

Penicillin and Penicillinase-Resistant Antibiotics
Bactericidal (broad spectrum)

🚫 Caution with allergy to cephalosporins

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24
Q

“sulfa-“
sulfadiazine
sulfasalazine
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A

Sulfonamide Antibiotics
Bacteriostatic - by inhibiting folic acid synthesis

🚫 Caution with allergy to thiazide diuretics
🚫 with antidiabetics
🚫 with Cyclosporine
🚫 Caution with renal disease/kidney stones
Can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome and bone marrow depression

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25
Q

“-cycline”
tetracycline
doxycycline
minocycline

A

Tetracycline Antibiotics
(Bacteriostatic)

🚫 Caution with children under 8
🚫 with digoxin
Can damage teeth and bones
Administer on an empty stomach

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26
Q

Clindamycin
Lincomycin

A

Lincosamide Antibiotics
Used for serious infections

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27
Q

“van”
telavancin
dalbavancin
oritavancin
vancomycin

A

Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics
All IV except for vancomycin which is both Oral and IV
Oral vancomycin used to treat C. diff.

  • When infusion is given rapidly or for the 1st infusion: can cause Red Man Syndrome: very sudden hypotension, flushing, pruritis, red rash on face
  • Vancomycin: VERY irritating to the VEIN
  • Risk of nephrotoxicity, prolonged QT interval, and foamy urine
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28
Q

Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Fidaxomicin

A

Macrolide Antibiotics
Fidaxomycin treats C. diff.

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29
Q

Tedizolid
Linezolid

A

Oxazolidinone Antibiotics

Can cause HTN

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30
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam Antibiotic

IV/IM only

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31
Q

Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

A

Antimycobacterial/ Antituberculosis Drugs

Never use a single drug - always a combination of two

REDfampin = can cause bodily fluids to turn RED (urine, sweat, tears, saliva)
Rifampin and Isoniazid = can cause liver toxicity (closely monitor if used together)
Ethambutol = can cause eye/vision issues

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32
Q

Amantadine
Oseltamivir
Peramivir
Rimantadine
Zanamivir

A

Antivirals used for Influenza A and other Respiratory Viruses

🚫 with Renal impairment
🚫 in pregnancy/lactation
Peramivir can cause Stevens Johnson syndrome

33
Q

“-clovir”
Acyclovir
Ganciclovir
Valacyclovir
Valganciclovir

A

Antivirals used for Herpes and Cytomegalovirus

🚫 with pregnancy/lactation, renal disease, and severe CNS disorders
🚫 with Zidovudine or other nephrotoxic drugs

34
Q

Delavirdine
Efavirenz
Nevirapine

A

NONnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Treat HIV

🚫 with pregnancy/lactation

35
Q

Abacavir
Emtricitabine
Lamivudine
Tenofovir
Zidovudine

A

Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Treat HIV

🚫 with lactation
Stop immediately with any flu-like symptoms

36
Q

“-navir”
Darunavir
Fosamprenavir
Lopinavir
Ritonavir
Tipranavir

A

Protease Inhibitors
Treat HIV

🚫 with lactation and hepatic dysfunction
🚫 other hepatotoxic drugs
Can cause Stevens-Johnson syndrome and elevated cholesterol

Preferred drug in pregnancy

37
Q

Enfuvirtide

A

Fusion Inhibitors
Treat HIV

🚫 with lactation and liver disease
Black Box warning: Severe liver toxicity

38
Q

“-gravir”
Dolutegravir
Raltegravir

A

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors
Treat HIV

🚫 Caution with rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, pregnancy
Can cause suicidal ideation

39
Q

Adefovir
Entecavir

A

Anti-hepatitis B Agents
Treats symptoms of Hepatitis B (cannot be cured)

🚫 with lactation
🚫 Other nephrotoxic drugs

40
Q

Velpatasvir-sofosbuvir
Ledipasvir-sofosbuvir
Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir
Elbasvir-grazoprevir

A

Anti-Hepatitis C agents
Treat Hepatitis C (can be cured)

🚫 with pregnancy/lactation
🚫 with protease inhibitors and St. John’s Wort
🚫 Caution with liver disease

41
Q

Docosanol
Ganciclovir
Penciclovir
Acyclovir

A

Locally Active Antiviral Agents
Treat specific local viral infections

42
Q

“quin”
Quinine
Chloroquine
Hydroxychloroquine
Mefloquine
Primaquine

A

Anti-malarials
Treat malaria

🚫 with pregnancy/lactation
🚫 caution with liver disease, alcoholism, retinal disease, psoriasis, or porphyria
🚫 with Anti-folate drugs
Can cause ototoxicity and blindness

43
Q

Atovaquone

A

Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Prevents and treats Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease

44
Q

Metronidazole

A

Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats amebiasis, trichomoniasis, and giardiasis

🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease

45
Q

Pentamidine

A

Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats PCP, trypanosomiasis, and leishmaniasis

🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease

46
Q

Tinidazole

A

Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats trichomoniasis, giardiasis, amebiasis

🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease

47
Q

Benznidazole

A

Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats pediatric patients with Chagas

🚫 with anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with hepatic disease, and CNS disease

48
Q

Pyrimethamine

A

Other Antiprotozoal Agent
Treats toxoplasmosis

🚫 with alcohol, anticoagulants, disulfram
🚫 caution with pregnancy/lactation, hepatic disease, and CNS disease

49
Q

Levothyroxine
Liothyronine
Liotrix
Thyroid desiccated

A

Thyroid Hormones
Treat hypothyroidism, myxedema coma, suppress pituitary TSH in euthyroid goiters, manage thryoid cancer, treat thyrotoxicosis in conjunction with other therapy

🚫 with acute MI
🚫 caution with hypoadrenal conditions
🚫 with oral anticoagulants, digoxin, or theophylline
NO adverse effects with correct dose

50
Q

Propylthiouracil (PTU)
Methimazole

A

Anti-thyroid Agents: Thiomides
Treat hyperthyroidism

Methimazole can cause bone marrow suppression
PTU can cause severe liver toxicity
🚫 with anticoagulants, theophylline, beta-blockers, and digoxin

51
Q

Strong Iodide Solution
Potassium Iodide
Sodium Iodide I(131) and I(123)

A

Antithyroid Agents: Iodine Solutions
Treat hyperthyroidism, radiation emergencies, suppression of thyroid gland before surgery, acute thyrotoxicosis

🚫 with anticoagulants, theophylline, beta-blockers, or digoxin

52
Q

Teriparatide
Parathyroid hormone
Calcitriol (Vit. D)

A

Antihypocalcemic Agents
Treat hypocalcemia and hyperparathyroidism; teriparatide treats osteoporosis

🚫 with Magnesium containing antacids or digoxin

53
Q

Etidronate
Ibandronate
Pamidronate
Risedronate
Alendronate

A

Antihypercalcemic Agents: Biphosphonates
Treat osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget’s disease

🚫 caution with renal dysfunction and GI disease
🚫 with hypocalcemia
Can cause esophageal erosion
Can cause bone pain
🚫 with aspirin

54
Q

Calcitonin salmon

A

Antihypercalcemic Agents: Calcitonins
Treat osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, emergency treatment of hypercalcemia

🚫 with allergy to fish
🚫 caution with pregnancy, renal dysfunction, and pernicious anemia
Can cause flushing of the face and hands

55
Q

Amantadine
Carbidopa-levodopa
Levodopa
Rasagiline
Ropinirole

A

Dopaminergic Agents
Treat signs and symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease

🚫 with glaucoma, lactation
🚫 caution with several things including CV disease and asthma
🚫 with MAOIs or Vit. B6
🚫 Carbidopa-Levodopa with Iron salts
🚫 Rasagiline with tyramine containing foods, meperidine, St. John’s wort, and acetaminophen
Can cause orthostatic hypotension

56
Q

Benztropine
Diphenhydramine

A

Anticholinergics used to treat Parkinsonism
*Also relieves extrapyramidal disorders associated with some drugs

🚫 with any condition that would be exacerbated by blocking the PNS
🚫 caution with pregnancy, lactation, tachycardia, hypertension
🚫 with other anticholinergic drugs or antipsychotics

57
Q

Entacapone
Safinamide
Selegiline
Tolcapone

A

Adjunctive Agents for treatment of parkinsonism

Tolcapone: can cause fatal liver damage
Use barrier contraceptives with Entacapone and Tolcapone

58
Q

“-pam” or “-lam”
Alprazolam
Clonazapam
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam
Temazepam

A

Benzodiazepenes
Treat anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, panic disorders, restless leg syndrome, seizure disorders, insomnia

🚫 with pyschosis, glaucoma, shock, coma, acute alcohol intoxication, pregnancy/lactation
🚫 caution in older adults, renal and hepatic dysfunction
Black Box warning: use with opioids can result in profound sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and death
🚫 with other CNS depressants, cimetidine, oral contraceptives, disulfiram, theophylline

58
Q

Phenobarbital
Pentobarbital
Secobarbital

A

Barbituates
Treat s/s of anxiety, induce sedation, treat insomnia, used in preanesthesia, treat seizures

Very sedating
🚫 with alcohol, antihistamines, other tranquilizers, phenytoin, MAOIs
Decreases effectiveness of anticoagulants, digoxin, TCAs, corticosteroids, and oral contraceptives

59
Q

Promethazine Diphenhydramine

A

Antihistamines used as anxiolytic/hypnotic
Used pre and postoperatively to decrease need for opioids

59
Q

Buspirone

A

Other Anxiolytic
Treats s/s of anxiety without sedating effect

Takes 1-4 weeks to start working

60
Q

Eszopiclone

A

Other Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drug
*Treats insomnia

Can cause sleep driving
Take before bed - allow 8 hours of sleeptime

60
Q

Ramelteon

A

Other Anxiolytic and Hynotic Drugs
Treats insomnia characterized with difficulty with sleep onset

61
Q

Suvorexant

A

Other Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs
Treats insomnia

62
Q

Zaleplon
Zolpidem

A

Other Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs
Short term treatment of insomnia

Very sedating. Can cause sleep driving

63
Q

Baclofen
Carisoprodol
Cyclobenzaprine
Metaxalone
Methocarbamol
Tizanidine

A

Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Treat acute painful musculoskeletal conditions

🚫 with Rheumatic disorders
🚫 caution with epilepsy, CV disease, marked muscle weakness, hepatic or renal impairment, pregnancy/lactation
🚫 with other CNS depressants

64
Q

Dantrolene
IncobotulinumtoxinA
OnabotulinumtoxinA
RimabotulinumtoxinB

A

Direct Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Treat spasticity directly affecting peripheral muscle contraction

OnabotulinumtoxinA = used for wrinkles
🚫 with WOMEN/estrogen
🚫 with pregnancy/lactation
🚫 with hepatic disease
🚫 with neuromuscular junction blockers

65
Q

Amphetamine
Armodafinil
Atomoxetine
Dexmethylphenidate
Dextroamphetamine
Lisdexamfetamine
Methylphenidate
Modafinil

A

CNS Stimulants
Treat ADHD and Narcolepsy

🚫 with MAOIs or TCAs
🚫 with some OTC cold medications
🚫 with caffeine
🚫 with glaucoma, cardiac disease, or marked anxiety
🚫 caution with history of seizures, Hx of drug dependence, hypertension, or pregnancy/lactation

66
Q

NPH

A

Intermediate Acting Insulin

67
Q

Regular
Lispro
Inhaled
Aspart
Glulisine

A

Fast Acting Insulin

68
Q

Glargine
Detemir

A

Long Acting Insulin

69
Q

Tolbutamide
Glipizide
Glyburide

A

Sulfonylureas
(Treats Type 2 DM)

🚫 with Type 1 DM
🚫 with DKA
🚫 in pregnancy or lactation
🚫 with Beta Blockers, alcohol, or herbal remedies

70
Q

Metformin

A

Buguanides
(Treats Type 2 DM: 1st line treatment)

🚫 with severe renal impairment
🚫 with metabolic acidosis
BLACK BOX WARNING: Lactic acidosis

Can cause URI, Taste disturbances, GI effects, HA, dizziness

71
Q

Sitagliptin

A

DPP-4 Inhibitor
(Treats Type 2 DM)

🚫 with Type 1 DM or DKA

Adverse effects are rare

72
Q

“-glinide”
Repaglinide
Nateglinide

A

Meglitinides
(Treat Type 2 DM)

🚫 with Type 1 DM or DKA

Can cause URIs, Joint Pain, GI effects, HA

73
Q

Canagliflozin

A

SGLT-2 Inhibitor
(Treats Type 2 DM)

🚫 in 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy
🚫 in Type 1 DM or DKA
🚫 with Severe Renal Impairment
🚫 with Rifampin
Can cause UTIs and genital fungal infections due to sugar rich urine

74
Q

Pioglitazone

A

Thiazolidinediones
(Treats Type 2 DM)

🚫 with moderate or severe heart failure
Can cause increase in total cholesterol, fluid retention, and Upper Respiratory Infections

75
Q

Semaglutide
Exenatide

A

GLP-1 agonists
(Treat Type 2 DM and reduces risk of CV events associated with DM2)

🚫 in pregnancy or lactation
🚫 with Type 1 DM or DKA

Can cause pancreatitis

76
Q

Glucagon

A

Glucose Elevating Agent
(Treats Hypoglycemia)

🚫 with pregnancy
🚫 with anticoagulants

Can cause alteration in BP

Pharmacology Exam #3 (14 decks)

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