Lecture Promoting Generalization

Question 1

Stimulus Generalization

Answer 1

Target behaviour occurs in all relevant circumstances.

Target behaviour occurs outside training situation.

Question 2

Response Generalization

Answer 2

Change in target behaviour results in changes in other relevant behaviours.

Question 3

Maintenance

Answer 3

Target behaviour continues to occur in relevant situations after training.

Question 4

Why bother generalizing behaviour?

Answer 4

Training usually takes place in one place with one person. We need to ensure it holds in other contexts, with other people and any number of stimuli.

Question 5

Give an example of generalization with respect to assertiveness skills.

Answer 5

You do not just need them to be assertive in a clinician’s office, they also need to be assertive in the real world as well.

Question 6

Reinforcing instances of generalization is a strategy to promote generalization. What does it mean?

Answer 6

Train the target situation. The training setting and criterion setting (the natural environment) are the same.

Question 7

Training skills that contact natural contingencies of reinforcement is a strategy to promote generalization. What does it mean?

Answer 7

Natural reinforcers are present when reinforcement for behaviour outside of training cannot be provided. Figure out what is naturally reinforcing.

Question 8

Modifying contingencies of reinforcement and punishment in the natural environment is a strategy to promote generalization. What does it mean?

Answer 8

Controlling natural contingencies, and maintaining behaviour no matter where the child is.

Question 9

Incorporating a variety of relevant stimulus situations in training is a strategy to promote generalization. What does it mean?

Answer 9

Sample all relevant discriminative stimuli for target behaviour, and train sufficient exemplars.

Question 10

Incorporating common stimuli is a strategy to promote generalization. What does it mean?

Answer 10

The stimuli from training have stimulus control over the target behaviour in the natural environment. Can include people, or other aspects of the natural environment.

Question 11

Teaching a range of functionally equivalent responses is a strategy to promote generalization. What does it mean?

Answer 11

Not always giving rewards for the same behaviour– looking for response variability. Increases the chances of a successful response to a novel or difficult situation.

Question 12

Incorporating self-generated mediators of generalization is a strategy to promote generalization. What does it mean?

Answer 12

Someone who is asked to record behaviour is more likely to do that behaviour, as it helps them remember. Takes advantage of reactivity.

Question 13

What are the 3 basic categories of generalization strategies?

Answer 13

1. Procedures focused on reinforcement contingencies.
2. Procedures focused on stimulus control.
3. Procedures focused on functional equivalence.

Question 14

Generalization involves the transfer of ___ ___.

Answer 14

Stimulus control.

Question 15

In generalization, you are trying to train not ___ between antecedents.

Answer 15

Discriminating.

Question 16

In Situ Assessment

Answer 16

Assessment of the original state.

Question 17

What are some indicators of successful treatment of problem behaviours?

Answer 17

• Reduction of the problem behaviour.
• Increase in desirable alternative behaviours.
• Generalization of the behaviour changes to all relevant circumstances.
• Increase in the quantity or quality of positive reinforcement.

Question 18

What must be done to achieve generalized reductions in problem behaviours?

Answer 18

• Conduct a functional assessment.
• Utilize functional interventions.
• Plan for generalization in advance using known generalization techniques.
• Focus on functionally equivalent (constructional).
• Maintain extinction contingencies across situations and over time.

Question 19

Why is it so hard to quit smoking?

Answer 19

Antecedents such as getting out of bed, drinking coffee, or alcohol have been reinforced for a long time.

Question 20

When generalizing, you should use ___ training to avoid things like phobias.

Answer 20

Discrimination.