Lecture Habit Reversal Procedures Flashcards
What disorders are habit reversal procedures often used for?
Tourettes and tics.
What are some nervous habits in habit behaviours?
Nail biting, hair pulling, oral habits, thumb sucking, bruxism.
What are some features of tic’s and Tourette’s disorder?
Motor tics, vocal tics, or a combination of both.
What are some features of stuttering in habit behaviours?
Repetitions of words or syllables, prolongations, or hesitations in speech sounds.
What is bruxism?
Grinding teeth.
Give an example of motor tics.
Physical jerks.
Give an example of vocal tics.
Sudden swearing.
Tourettes usually has motor tics, vocal tics, or both.
A combination of both.
What is trichotillomania?
Excessive pulling of hair.
What are 3 cases in which a habit behaviour can be classified as a habit disorder?
- When a habit behaviour occurs excessively (in great frequency or duration).
- When a habit behaviour causes physical damage (such as hair loss of damage to teeth and nails).
- A habit behaviour that causes distress, social stigma, or embarrassment.
What are the 6 habit reversal components?
- Habit inconvenience review.
- Awareness training.
- Competing response training.
- Symbolic rehearsal.
- Public display.
- Social support.
What is awareness training?
Describing responses and detecting them.
What is competing response training?
Identifying a physically incompatible response. Implementing the competing response contingent on the habit behaviour.
Give an example of competing response training.
Claws to paws. Hiding your nails so you can’t chew on them.
Give an example of competing responses for motor tics.
Lightly tense muscles involved in the tic while holding the body parts still.
Give an example of competing responses for vocal tics.
Slow deep breathing through the nose with mouth closed.
Give an example of competing responses for nail biting or hair pulling.
Hands in lap or in pockets, hand grasping an object, hands under arms.
Give an example of competing responses for bruxism or other oral habits.
Holding teeth slightly apart or lightly clenching teeth.
Give an example of competing responses for stuttering.
Diaphragmically breathing with slight exhale before speaking.
What is social support?
Involving a parent, spouse, or significant other in treatment. Praise is given for absence of the habit behaviour and for the correct use of the competing response.
What is relaxation training treating?
Treating the underlying anxiety.
What is generalization training generalizing?
Generalization to external contexts and situations without trainer.
What is an example of an incompatible reaction to stuttering?
To discontinue speaking.
If not speaking is an incompatible reaction to stuttering, what other methods are there?
Take a deep breath, consciously relax throat and chest muscles, formulate the word to be spoken, emphasize initial words, speak for short durations.
Habit reversal is basically a ___ ___ procedure.
Self-management.
What is important in habit reversal?
Client motivation.
How does habit reversal work?
We are not sure. It could be because of increased awareness, competing responses serving as punishers, competing responses replacing the habit behaviour, or a combination of reasons.
Does habit reversal work, even if we don’t know how it works?
Yes.
What are some other treatments for habit behaviours?
- Awareness enhancement device.
- Response prevention and blocking.
- DRO and response cost.
- Self-administered punishers.
- HR plus self-monitoring and goal-setting.
- Cognitive behaviour therapy.
What is an awareness enhancement device?
A small device that detects particular movements and sound alarms to mark the behaviour.
When are awareness enhancement devices useful?
When the client is young or has an intellectual disability, because they are less aware of the things that they are usually doing.
Give an example of how an awareness enhancement device can be used.
A device that detects wrist movement can be used to notify when someone is about to pull their hair.
Give an example of response prevention and blocking procedures.
Mittens for nail biting or finger sucking.
How can DRO and Response Cost be used in habit reversal?
Providing reinforcers for not engaging in the behaviour, or for target alternative behaviours. Removing tokens for engaging in behaviour.
How can self-punishment be used in habit reversal procedures?
Elastic banding and other brief, immediate, harmless stimuli.
What is the problem with self-punishment?
Can initiate feedback loops, where the frustration leads to an increasing the behaviour, leading to increasing the punisher. Person can also fail to administer the punisher, called the short-circuiting problem.
How can self-monitoring be used in habit reversal procedures?
Monitoring requires awareness of the behaviour and recording the behaviour instead of continuing to engage in the behaviour. The recording itself acts as the competing response.
