Lecture Notes Weeks 6-8 Flashcards
What are the biggest risk factors for psychosis in England?
Black-Caribbean ethnicity and ultra-high-risk state.
How much more likely are patients with psychosis to have been exposed to childhood adversity compared to controls?
About 3 times more likely.
Which of the following is NOT a specific adverse experience examined by Verse et al. (2012)? A. Bullying B. Physical Abuse C. Parental Death D. Poor Health
D. Poor Health
What percentage reduction in psychosis cases would occur if childhood adversity was removed from the population (assuming causality)?
33% reduction.
What was suggested as a fundamental cause of psychosis in some cases in the ‘From Womb to Neighborhood’ article? A. Hormones B. Structural Racism C. COVID-19
B. Structural Racism.
Which factor was least explored in ‘From Womb to Neighborhood’?
D. Age
According to Anglin et al. (2021), what is linked to chronic activation of stress systems?
Discrimination.
What common factor contributes to psychosis?
Social Stress and Defeat.
What recommendation was made in ‘Womb to Neighborhood’?
D. All of the above (various recommendations).
According to Radua (2018), what did most studies focus on regarding psychosis?
Risk factors rather than protective factors.
What is a key symptom of suspiciousness in psychosis?
Feeling that people are out to get them.
What is the first founding theory of schizophrenia?
Dopamine Hypothesis.
What neurotransmitter system is implicated in the Dopamine Hypothesis?
Dopamine, particularly D2 receptor hyperactivity in the mesolimbic pathway.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the Glutamate Hypothesis?
Glutamate, via NMDA receptor hypofunction.
Which neurotransmitter is involved in the Serotonin Hypothesis?
Serotonin, with 5-HT2A receptor hyperfunction.
What illicit substances can induce psychosis symptoms?
Amphetamines, Cocaine (Dopamine); PCP, Ketamine (Glutamate); LSD, Psilocybin (Serotonin).
What is P50 suppression in psychosis?
A test measuring impaired sensory gating through auditory stimuli response.
What percentage of incarcerated individuals have psychotic symptoms?
24%.
What is a common myth about people with schizophrenia?
They are far more violent than the general population.
What percentage of homicides are committed by individuals with psychosis?
5-10%.
What is stigma?
A mark of disgrace associated with a particular circumstance, quality, or person.
What are some strategies to reduce stigma?
Interacting with people with mental illness and increasing public education.
What is the primary goal of psychosocial interventions for those at risk?
Prevention or delay of psychosis onset, often using CBT.
What are the key components of shared decision-making in mental health care?
Involvement of the caregiver, client, and professional in treatment choices.
What percentage of high school students in the U.S. have seriously considered suicide?
22%.
What is the second leading cause of death for youth aged 10-25 years?
Suicide.
Which factors contribute to suicide risk in psychosis?
Perceptual abnormalities, persecutory ideation, and insight paradox.
What does the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide include?
Perceived Burdensomeness, Thwarted Belongingness, and Acquired Capability for Suicide.
What percentage of people at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis have attempted suicide?
18%.
What are common barriers to mental health care utilization (MHCU)?
Stigma, logistical factors, medical mistrust, and personal beliefs about treatment.
What does the Mental Health Care Utilization Questionnaire (MHCU-Q) assess?
Utilization, perceptions, availability, barriers, and facilitators to mental health care.
Which group is less likely to seek mental health care compared to White participants?
Asian and Black participants.
What is a predictor of poor long-term prognosis in schizophrenia?
No precipitating stress before hospitalization, absence of depressive symptoms, and no feelings of guilt.
What treatment is recommended in the prodromal phase of psychosis?
Psychotherapy (like CBT) over antipsychotic medication.
What is the relationship between psychosis and substance use?
Substance use can exacerbate symptoms despite providing temporary relief.
What terminology is preferred for discussing suicide?
Use ‘died by suicide’ instead of ‘committed suicide’.
What is the impact of stigma on seeking mental health care?
Leads to lower self-worth, depression, and barriers to accessing treatment.
