Lecture notes Flashcards
Widely used material for aircraft construction
Alominium alloy, duralumin
What type of wing does a cessna have
High wing with strut
Aluminium alloys have
- High thermal and electrical conducitivity
- Good corrosion resistance
Titanium
Lightweight, high strength, corrosion and tmp resistant. But very expensive
Two types of wing support
Braced
Cantilever
Which aircraft has braced support wing?
Cessna
Cantilever is
Self-supporting wing
Wings structure is made of
Ribs and spars
Wing torque box
Carries all the aircraft loads on the fueslage, in the center between the wings
Flutter
Self-exciting vibration under interaciton of aerodynamic force.
How can flutter be avoided
By a proper mass and balance of the CONTROL SURFACE by moving CG onto or ahead of the hinge line
MZFW
Maximum Zero fuel weight. The maximum aircraft weight with fuel allowed
Types of fuselage structures
Framework, Monocoque, Semi-Monocoque, reinforced steel
Framework (structure)
Small airplanes, the framework takes all the loads
Monocoque
External skin takes the load, made of framers (formers) to give its shape. Is heavy.
Semi-monocoque
Skin takes majority of load by framers, longerons and stringers reinforce the skin and prevent deformation
Reinforced steel
Comes from semi-monococuue, additional metal placed around apertures to provide more xsterngth.
Honeycomb structure
Two layers of metal in between which a honeycomb shaped. Increase strength
Flight windows are made of
Laminated glass or acrylic
Active hyraulic system
System pressuizerd by a pressure pump (engine driven or air driven)
Passive hydralulic system
Not pressurized by a pressure pump (hand or foot operated pumps used)
If an hydraulic fuel is leaking internally,
Temparature of the fluid will rise
Types of wheel connections
Cantilever, Fork, half fork, dual wheels
Advantages of oleo leg/shock strut
- Sustain long periods in static load condition (parked)
- Absorb impact of landing
- Control the recoil of the landing
Shock absorbers can be: 3
Oleo pneumatic
Oil compression
Spring suspension (C172)
Torque link use
Prevent inner and outer cylinder from rotating on each other
Brakes convert ____ energy into ____ energy
Kinetic, heat
Types of brakes
Drum, single disc, multiple disc
Single disc brake
Disc is driven by the wheel and has two stationary brake pads on each side. Two hyd. pistons squeeze the disc when brakes are applied
Multiple disc brake
Same as single disc, but multiple discs. Used on large aircrafts
Tyre main componenst
Tread, belt, sidewall, bead
The tyre tread provides us indication of
wear and grip
Tyre wear, under-inflation leads to wear at the
shoulders
Over-inflation leads to wear in
crown
Hydroplaning
Where tyre loses contact with surface and slides on water
Tyre creep
Tendency for the tire to slip about wheel.
An example of no creep
The primary flight controls are controlled by
direct mechanical linkage
Icing can be prevented / eliminiating using 3
Pneumatic pressure,
Electrical heat
Fluid (alcohol spray)
Fuel tanks types may be
-Flexible(bag)
-Rigid (aluminion aloy or plastic)
-Intergal (spars, ribs) used on large aircraft
Fuel tanks must:
- Have sufficient space to allow contents to expand when heated
- Baffles placed around so that fuel moves around the tank at manouvers
Venting the fuel tanks helping
Adjust the pressure inside the tanks to the outside pressure
Two ways of feeding the engine with fuel
Gravity-fed system
Fuel pumps
Coulombs
Electric charge 1A flow per second is 1C passing a point a second
Electricity flows with the flow of electrons from ____ to ____
Negative to positive
When a battery is almost fully discharged, there is a tendency for the voltage to
decrease
For a rotating armature, to create DC we need a
comutator instead of slip rings
Inverter is
a unit to conver DC to AC
“Hot bus” or “direct bus” is a definition for a bus that is
directly connected to the battery
Shock cooling
An increase in RPM will _____ the AoA of the propellor
Incraese
An increase in TAS will _____ the AoA of the propller
Decrease
Supercharger and magneto to recap
Supercharger
Engine driven air-pump which increases manifold pressure and forces fuel/air mixture into cylinders. The higher the manfiolrd pressure, the more dense the fuel/air and more power the engine will produce
Brake horsepower
Actual amount of power delivered to the propeller shaft
3 types of pressure gauges mechanisms
Aneroid (low pressure)
Bellows (Intermediate)
Bourdon tube (high)
Turbocharger
Same as supercharger but used air from the exhaust
True altitude
Actual height of an object ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL (not HEIGHT!!!)
Denity altitude
Pressure altitude corrected for non-standart temp.
TAS formula
1.75% CAS per 1000 of altitude
ANDS (compass errors)
Accelerate North, Decelrate South
An acceleration will show an apparent turn to the
north
A deceleration will how an apparent turn to the south
