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Hematology 2 > Lecture - Module 6 > Flashcards

Lecture - Module 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Generally characterized by the presence of leukocytosis with an increased number of mature lymphocytes, lymphocytosis, on a peripheral blood film

A

CHRONIC LEUKEMIAS

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2
Q

characterized by an accumulation of lymphocytes.

A

Malignant lymphoproliferative disorders

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3
Q

Most common form of leukemia in adults in Western countries but it is very rare in far Eastern countries

A

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA

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4
Q

Neoplasms composed of small B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes, mixed with prolymphocytes and paraimmunoblasts forming proliferation centers in tissue infiltrates.

A

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA

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5
Q

Accounts for almost 7% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) in biopsies.

A

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA

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6
Q

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA / SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA median age of onset

A

65 years old

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7
Q

This form of leukemia is rare before age 20 and uncommon before age 50.

A

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA / SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA

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8
Q

Classic CLL is usually a what type of disorder

A

B-cell disorder

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9
Q

a biologically and clinically heterogeneous hematologic malignancy characterized by a gradually progressive accumulation of morphologically mature B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissues.

A

B-CLL

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10
Q

B-CLL characterized as

A

CD5+ CD19+ CD23+ monoclonal B cells

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11
Q

most consistent finding which is present in approximately 50% of patients in CLL and SLL

A

trisomy of chromosome 12

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12
Q

Chromosomal alterations in CLL/SLL

A

11q deletion
13q deletion
17p deletion
trisomy of chromosome 12 → most consistent finding which is present in approximately 50% of patients
translocation of chromosomes 8 and 14 → associated with B-CLL
translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22 → observed in non- T and non-B types

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13
Q

Chromosomal alterations in CLL/SLL associated with B-CLL

A

translocation of chromosomes 8 and 14

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14
Q

Chromosomal alterations in CLL/SLL most consistent finding which is present in approximately 50% of patients

A

trisomy of chromosome 12

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15
Q

Chromosomal alterations in CLL/SLL observed in non- T and non-B types

A

translocation of chromosomes 9 and 22

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16
Q

Displays the classic surface immunoglobulin (SIg) markers.

A

B-Cells

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17
Q

B-Cells displays the classic surface immunoglobulin (SIg) markers.

A

CD19
CD20
CD24
CD5

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18
Q

Abnormal findings discovered on a complete blood count (CBC)
Common symptoms include malaise, low-grade fever, and night sweats.
Hepatosplenomegaly is also frequently present.

A

CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA

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19
Q

CLL/SLL laboratory data

A

30 to 200 × 109/L
1/3 of patients, the total leukocyte count is greater than 100 × 109/L.
Absolute lymphocytosis, 80% or 90% small lymphocytes.
hypogammaglobulinemia.

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20
Q

Uncommon chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of the B-lymphocyte type.
More common in males than in females.
It has been suggested that a locus on the X chromosome might be involved in HCL

A

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA

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21
Q

appearance of fine, hair-like, irregular cytoplasmic projections that are characteristic of lymphocytes in this disease

A

HCL

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22
Q

The cytochemical features of HCL include a

A

strong acid phosphatase reaction

not inhibited by tartaric acid or tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain

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23
Q

Following ________, enzyme activity in the hairy cell may be TRAP negative

A

interferon therapy

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24
Q 
cells display strong SIg.
A. Hairy Cells Leukemia
B. CLL/SLL
C. Prolymphocytic leukemia
D. Chronic leukemia
A

A

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25
Q

Immunological Markers for hairy cell leukemia

A

CD19+, CD20+, CD22+, CD24+, and CD25+

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26
Q

Immunological Markers for hairy cell leukemia recognizes what receptor

A

interleukin-2 (Tac) receptor

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27
Q

More aggressive type of HCL and has different morphological characteristics than typical HCL.

A

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA VARIANT

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28
Q

Cells are smaller than the typical HCL cell with a central round nucleus, prominent nucleoli, a larger nuclear cytoplasmic ratio, and basophilic cytoplasm with occasional cytoplasmic projections.

A

HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA VARIANT

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29
Q

Differential diagnosis of vHCL from typical HCL can be made by

A

cytochemical staining (TRAP) and immunophenotyping

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30
Q

Malignancy of B prolymphocytes affecting blood, bone marrow, and spleen.
Characterized by a large number of small lymphocytes with scant cytoplasm and the immature features of prolymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
Leukocytosis can exceed 100 × 109/L.

A

PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

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31
Q

In PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA, prolymphocytes must exceed _______ of lymphoid cells in the peripheral blood.

A

55%

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32
Q

Immunological Markers for PROLYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

A 
CD19+
CD20+
CD24+
CD22+
Cells display strong SIg.
33
Q

a malignant bone marrow– based, plasma cell neoplasm associated with abnormal protein production.

A

Multiple myeloma

34
Q

an increased number of plasma cells in the peripheral blood and should be considered a form of multiple myeloma and not a separate entity

A

Plasma cell leukemia

35
Q

Usually evolves from an asymptomatic premalignant stage of clonal plasma cell proliferation called “monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS).

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA (PLASMA CELL MYELOMA)

36
Q

MULTIPLE MYELOMA (PLASMA CELL MYELOMA) onset of disorder

A

ages of 40 and 70 years

37
Q

Bone pain, weakness, fatigue
Abnormal bleeding - may be a prominent feature
In some patients: major symptoms result from acute infection, renal insufficiency, hypercalcemia, or amyloidosis.
Approximately 90% of patients suffer from broadly disseminated destruction of the skeleton

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA (PLASMA CELL MYELOMA)

38
Q

Leads to a compensatory decrease in synthesis and increase in catabolism of normal immunoglobulins.

A

MULTIPLE MYELOMA (PLASMA CELL MYELOMA)

39
Q

In MULTIPLE MYELOMA (PLASMA CELL MYELOMA) this may develop as a result of bone marrow failure

A

Granulocytopenia

40
Q

In MM, increased plasma volume caused by monoclonal protein commonly produces

A

hypervolemia

41
Q

Laboratory data of MM

A 
Increased plasma cells
Rouleaux formation
Relative lymphocytosis
Bleeding
overproduction of IgM (19S) antibodies
monoclonal serum protein is detected
42
Q

In MM, what type of antibody is present in majority of the patients

A

IgG

43
Q

In MM, what are the antibodies that is less frequently seen and rarely seen?

A

IgA and IgD

44
Q

It is a B-cell neoplasm characterized by lymphoplasmo-proliferative disorder with infiltration of the bone marrow and a monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein.

A

WALDENSTRÖM PRIMARY MACROGLOBULINEMIA

LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA

45
Q

Associated with the production of abnormally large amounts of gamma globulin of the 19S or IgM type.
Basic abnormality in this macroglobulinemia is uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocyte and plasma cells.

A

WALDENSTRÖM PRIMARY MACROGLOBULINEMIA

LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC LYMPHOMA

46
Q

→ includes the various forms of leukemias and malignant lymphomas that are of lymphoreticular origin.

A

LYMPHOMAS

47
Q

includes the various forms of leukemias and malignant lymphomas that are of lymphoreticular origin.

A

Lymphoproliferative disorder

48
Q

group of closely related disorders that are characterized by the overproliferation of one or more types of cells of the lymphoid system such as lymphoreticular stem cells, lymphocytes, reticulum cells, and histiocytes

A

Lymphomas

49
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells function as:

A

stimulatory cells in lymphocyte reaction
accessory cells in mitogen-induced T-cell proliferation
antigen presenting in HLA-DR restricted, antigen specific in T-cell activation

50
Q

Characterized by a persistent defect in the cellular immunity with abnormalities in T lymphocytes, IL-2 production, and increased sensitivity to suppressor monocytes and normal T suppressor cells.

A

HODGKIN DISEASE

51
Q

Aneuploidy, or a deviation from the diploid number of chromosomes, resulting from the gain or loss of chromosomes or from polyploids

A

HODGKIN DISEASE

52
Q

In HODGKIN DISEASE there is a gain of chromosome ________________

A

1, 2, 5, 12, and 21

53
Q

Most frequent type of NHL is

A

diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

54
Q

Three different types of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas

A

Germinal center, B cell like lymphoma
Activated B cell like lymphoma
New subtype, type 3 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

55
Q

Type of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas that expresses high levels of genes characteristic of germinal center, B-cell–like lymal germinal center B cells

A

Germinal center, B-cell–like lymphoma

56
Q

Type of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas that expresses genes characteristic of mitogenically activated blood B cells

A

Activated B-cell–like lymphoma

57
Q

Type of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas which has a heterogeneous gene expression that suggests it includes more than one subtype of lymphoma

A

New subgroup, type 3 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma

58
Q

leukemic phase of cutaneous T- cell lymphoma, mycosis fungoides.

A

Sezary Syndrome

59
Q

Typically the size of a small lymphocyte and has a dark-staining, clumped, nuclear chromatin pattern

A

Sézary cell

60
Q

derived from mature or post thymic T cells

A

Mature T-Cell & NK-Cell Neoplasms

61
Q

Consistently associated with the BCR-ABL 1 fusion gene located in the Philadelphia chromosome.

A

CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA

62
Q

reciprocal translocation of DNA between chromosomes 9 and 22

A

Ph1 chromosome

63
Q

Stains ALP present in most neutrophil

A

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain (LAP)

64
Q

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain (LAP) differentiate

A

CML (↓) from leukemoid reaction or polycythemia vera

65
Q

In Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain (LAP), what anticoagulant must be used and what anticoagulant results to falsely decreased

A

Heparin

EDTA

66
Q

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain (LAP) is increased in

A

polycythemia vera
Leukemoid Reaction
3rd Trimester of Pregnancy

67
Q

Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase Stain (LAP) is decreased in

A

(↓) CML, IM, PA, PNH

68
Q

Clinical description was that of a patient with engorged veins, plethora, and an elevated red blood cell count.
Leukocytosis and thrombocythemia were recognized as additional features

A

Polycythemia Rubra Vera

69
Q

Added PV to the classification of MPNs

Main differential diagnosis is that of reactive erythrocytosis due to hypoxia

A

Dameshek

70
Q

Clonal stem cell disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of the erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocytic lineages

A

POLYCYTHEMIA VERA

71
Q

Northern blot analysis showed that PV-1 is highly expressed in _________________ and to a much lesser degree in fetal liver

A

normal human bone marrow

72
Q

a common complication of PV and often is unrecognized

A

Thrombophlebitis with pulmonary embolism

73
Q

characterized by systemic bone marrow fibrosis and extramedullary hematopoiesis.

A

Primary Myelofibrosis

74
Q

caused by infiltrative disorders, including malignancies and infections, or exposure to chemical toxins or irradiation.

A

Secondary Myelofibrosis

75
Q

Characterized by a significant increase in circulating platelets, usually in excess of 1,000 × 109/L.

A

ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTOSIS/ESSENTIAL THROMBOCYTHEMIA

76
Q

Exhibits features of both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders at the time of diagnosis.
Characterized by leukocytosis with a majority of neutrophils.
Multilineage dysplasia is common

A

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia

BCR-ABL1negative

77
Q

Disorder of childhood
Proliferation of granulocytic and monocytic lineages
Blasts and promonocytes account for less than 20% of peripheral blood cells and bone marrow aspirates.
Erythroid and megakaryocytic abnormalities are frequently preset
BCR-ABL1 mutation is absent but mutations of genes of the RAS/MAPK pathway are characteristic.

A

Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia

JMML

78
Q

Neoplasm meets the definition of MDS/MPN but does not meet the criteria for CMML or the other classification in this category

A

Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable

Hematology 2 (8 decks)

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