Lecture - Module 4

Question 1

the physiological process that removes insoluble fibrin deposits by enzymatic digestion of the stabilized fibrin polymers.

Answer 1

FIBRINOLYSIS

Question 2

Clots are dissolved by

Answer 2

plasmin

Question 3

Plasmin digests fibrin and fibrinogen by __________ to produce progressively smaller fragments.

Answer 3

hydrolysis

Question 4

________ circulates in the plasma until an injury occurs

Answer 4

inactive plasminogen

Question 5

Plasminogen activation to plasmin is a result of the activity of a number of proteolytic enzymes which are referred to as

Answer 5

Plasminogen Activators

Question 6

Actions of plasmin

Answer 6

Digest fibrin, fibrinogen, II, V, VIII, XII, results in hypocoagulability- hemorrhagic diasthesis

Question 7

Plasmin is made up of

Answer 7

Plasminogen and tPA

Question 8

These are called dead end degradation Products

Answer 8

fragment D and E

Question 9

Endogenous plasminogen activators

Answer 9

TPA
UPA
XIa, XIIa, Kallikrein

Question 10

Exogenous plasminogen activators

Answer 10

Streptokinase

APSAC (acyl-plasminogen streptokinase activator complex)

Question 11

PLASMINOGEN INHIBITORS

Answer 11

Alpha 2- antiplasmin
Alpha 2- macroglobulin
Thrombomodulin
PAI 1 and PAI 2

Question 12

Increased Activator will cause

Answer 12

Increased risk of thrombosis

Question 13

Increased Inhibitor will cause

Answer 13

Increased risk of bleeding

Question 14

Main converter of Plasminogen to plasmin

Answer 14

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Question 15

It is secreted by Endothelial cells

Answer 15

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Question 16

It is bound with thrombus and PAI-1

Answer 16

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

Question 17

It is secreted by , Kidneys, UT epithelial cells, Monocytes and Macrophages

Answer 17

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Question 18

Circulates in plasma

Answer 18

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Question 19

Principal inhibitor of plasminogen activation (in tPA and uPA)

Answer 19

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

Question 20

Produced by ECs, Megakaryocytes, smooth muscle cells, Fibroblasts, Monocytes, Adipocytes, Hepatocytes

Answer 20

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

Question 21

_______ has high concentration than tPA

Answer 21

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

Question 22

deficiency in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 will cause

Answer 22

Chronic Mild Bleeding

Question 23

It also functions as Acute Phase Reactant

Answer 23

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

Question 24

Primary inhibitor of Free Plasmin

Synthesized in the liver

Answer 24

α2-Antiplasmin

Question 25

Inhibits plasmin and prekallikrein

Answer 25

a2-Macroglobulin

Question 26

Also synthesized in the liver | Functions as anti-fibrinolytic enzyme

Answer 26

TAFI Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

Question 27

Inhibits the binding of TPA and plasminogen to fibrin

Answer 27

TAFI Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

Question 28

Also plays a role in inflammation and wound healing

Answer 28

Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

Question 29

stable fibrin clot – Will lead to formation of

Answer 29

D-Dimers

Question 30

digestion of these factors will prevent clot formation

Answer 30

factors II, V, VIII and XII

Question 31

Protein C and S are inhibitors of

Answer 31

factor V and VIII

Question 32

Inhibitor of thrombin

Answer 32

Antithrombin III

Question 33

Amplifies the activity of antithrombin III

Answer 33

Heparin

Question 34

Inactivate/inhibitors kallikrein (activated form of PK)

Answer 34

C1 inhibitor

Question 35

Inhibits thrombin, Xa, XIa

Answer 35

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

Question 36

Suppresses fibrinolysis by removing fibrin C-terminal lysine binding sites

Answer 36

TAFI

Question 37

Allow to clot in a test tube @ 37 C Place in water bath to 48 hours Form a clot

Answer 37

Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Question 38

NV and AV in Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Answer 38

NV: clot is intact in 24 hours AV: clot is lysed before 24 hours

Question 39

More sensitive, Same as whole blood clot lysis time but blood is diluted

Answer 39

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Question 40

NV Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

Answer 40

Lysis of clot after 6-10 hours

Question 41

Plasma is treated with an acid to precipitate certain clotting factors

Answer 41

Euglobulin Lysis Time

Question 42

Euglobin fraction will be allowed to clot at

Answer 42

37degC and incubated

Question 43

Normal Value in euglobulin Lysis Time

Answer 43

Lysis in about 300 mins or longer - normal. Lysis in 120 mins – increased lytic activity. Lysis in 60 mins or less – strong lysis.

Question 44

Based on agglutination | Uses monoclonal antibodies specific for FDPS

Answer 44

Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

Question 45

Types of agglutination in Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

Answer 45

Hemagglutination Staphylococcal Latex agglutination

Question 46

Superior test; Same principle as FPD TEST but more sensitive

Answer 46

D-dimer test

Question 47

Uses monoclonal antibodies specific for D-Dimers

Answer 47

D-dimer test