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Hematology 2 > Lecture - Module 4 > Flashcards

Lecture - Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

the physiological process that removes insoluble fibrin deposits by enzymatic digestion of the stabilized fibrin polymers.

A

FIBRINOLYSIS

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2
Q

Clots are dissolved by

A

plasmin

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3
Q

Plasmin digests fibrin and fibrinogen by __________ to produce progressively smaller fragments.

A

hydrolysis

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4
Q

________ circulates in the plasma until an injury occurs

A

inactive plasminogen

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5
Q

Plasminogen activation to plasmin is a result of the activity of a number of proteolytic enzymes which are referred to as

A

Plasminogen Activators

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6
Q

Actions of plasmin

A

Digest fibrin, fibrinogen, II, V, VIII, XII, results in hypocoagulability- hemorrhagic diasthesis

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7
Q

Plasmin is made up of

A

Plasminogen and tPA

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8
Q

These are called dead end degradation Products

A

fragment D and E

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9
Q

Endogenous plasminogen activators

A

TPA
UPA
XIa, XIIa, Kallikrein

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10
Q

Exogenous plasminogen activators

A

Streptokinase

APSAC (acyl-plasminogen streptokinase activator complex)

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11
Q

PLASMINOGEN INHIBITORS

A

Alpha 2- antiplasmin
Alpha 2- macroglobulin
Thrombomodulin
PAI 1 and PAI 2

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12
Q

Increased Activator will cause

A

Increased risk of thrombosis

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13
Q

Increased Inhibitor will cause

A

Increased risk of bleeding

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14
Q

Main converter of Plasminogen to plasmin

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

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15
Q

It is secreted by Endothelial cells

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

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16
Q

It is bound with thrombus and PAI-1

A

Tissue Plasminogen Activator

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17
Q

It is secreted by , Kidneys, UT epithelial cells, Monocytes and Macrophages

A

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

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18
Q

Circulates in plasma

A

Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

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19
Q

Principal inhibitor of plasminogen activation (in tPA and uPA)

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

20
Q

Produced by ECs, Megakaryocytes, smooth muscle cells, Fibroblasts, Monocytes, Adipocytes, Hepatocytes

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

21
Q

_______ has high concentration than tPA

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

22
Q

deficiency in Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 will cause

A

Chronic Mild Bleeding

23
Q

It also functions as Acute Phase Reactant

A

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1

24
Q

Primary inhibitor of Free Plasmin

Synthesized in the liver

A

α2-Antiplasmin

25
Q

Inhibits plasmin and prekallikrein

A

a2-Macroglobulin

26
Q

Also synthesized in the liver

Functions as anti-fibrinolytic enzyme

A

TAFI Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

27
Q

Inhibits the binding of TPA and plasminogen to fibrin

A

TAFI Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

28
Q

Also plays a role in inflammation and wound healing

A

Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor

29
Q

stable fibrin clot – Will lead to formation of

A

D-Dimers

30
Q

digestion of these factors will prevent clot formation

A

factors II, V, VIII and XII

31
Q

Protein C and S are inhibitors of

A

factor V and VIII

32
Q

Inhibitor of thrombin

A

Antithrombin III

33
Q

Amplifies the activity of antithrombin III

A

Heparin

34
Q

Inactivate/inhibitors kallikrein (activated form of PK)

A

C1 inhibitor

35
Q

Inhibits thrombin, Xa, XIa

A

Alpha-1-antitrypsin

36
Q

Suppresses fibrinolysis by removing fibrin C-terminal lysine binding sites

A

TAFI

37
Q

Allow to clot in a test tube @ 37 C
Place in water bath to 48 hours
Form a clot

A

Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

38
Q

NV and AV in Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

A

NV: clot is intact in 24 hours
AV: clot is lysed before 24 hours

39
Q

More sensitive, Same as whole blood clot lysis time but blood is diluted

A

Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

40
Q

NV Dilute Whole Blood Clot Lysis Time

A

Lysis of clot after 6-10 hours

41
Q

Plasma is treated with an acid to precipitate certain clotting factors

A

Euglobulin Lysis Time

42
Q

Euglobin fraction will be allowed to clot at

A

37degC and incubated

43
Q

Normal Value in euglobulin Lysis Time

A

Lysis in about 300 mins or longer - normal.
Lysis in 120 mins – increased lytic activity.
Lysis in 60 mins or less – strong lysis.

44
Q

Based on agglutination

Uses monoclonal antibodies specific for FDPS

A

Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

45
Q

Types of agglutination in Quantitative assay of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products

A

Hemagglutination
Staphylococcal
Latex agglutination

46
Q

Superior test; Same principle as FPD TEST but more sensitive

A

D-dimer test

47
Q

Uses monoclonal antibodies specific for D-Dimers

A

D-dimer test

Hematology 2 (8 decks)

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