Lecture Exam Ch. 12 &13 (01/24/22)

Question 1

What are the components of the CNS

Answer 1

The brain and the spinal cord

Question 2

What are the components of the PNS

Answer 2

All neural tissue outside the CNS

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 3

What is the difference between spinal and cranial nerves

Answer 3

Spinal emerge from the spinal cord and Cranial emerge from the brain

Question 4

What type of information is carried by the Afferent division of PNS

Answer 4

Brings sensory information to the brain and spinal cord

Question 5

What type of information is carried by the Efferent division of PNS

Answer 5

Carries motor commands

from CNS to muscles and glands

Question 6

What is the difference between somatic and automatic nervous systems

Answer 6

Somatic controls skeletal muscles, it can be voluntary OR involuntary

Automatic controls effectors like smooth and cardiac muscles. This is automatic or involuntary only

Question 7

The main function of the cell body

Answer 7

Contains lots of substructures

Receives information input from dendrites

Question 8

The main function of Dendrites

Answer 8

Receive incoming info

Question 9

`Main function of Axons

Answer 9

Carries action potentials

Question 10

The main function of Synapse

Answer 10

Allows information to pass between neurons

Question 11

The main function of Neurotransmitters

Answer 11

They are the molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles.

Question 12

Main function of Neuromuscular junction

Answer 12

They are the molecules used by the nervous system to transmit messages between neurons, or from neurons to muscles.

Question 13

The main function of Neuroglandular junction

Answer 13

Junction between neuron and gland

Question 14

The main function of presynaptic membrane

Answer 14

The membrane of a neuron that releases neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft between nerve cells

Question 15

The main function of postsynaptic membrane

Answer 15

receives a signal (binds neurotransmitter) from the presynaptic cell and responds via depolarisation or hyperpolarisation.

Question 16

What are unipolar neurons and what type of information do they transmit

Answer 16

Sensory info

Axon and dendrites are continuous

Question 17

What are multipolar neurons and what type of information do they transmit

Answer 17

They possess a single axon with several symmetrically radiating dendrites

Question 18

What are the major events taking place at RMP

Answer 18

K+ that leaks from the inside of the cell to the outside via leak K+ channels and generates a negative charge in the inside of the membrane vs the outside. At rest, the membrane is impermeable to Na+, as all of the Na+ channels are closed.

Question 19

Continuous vs saltatory propagation

Answer 19

The key difference between saltatory and continuous conduction is that saltatory conduction is the propagation of action potential along myelinated axons while continuous conduction is the propagation of action potential along unmyelinated axons.

Question 20

3 types of fibers

Answer 20

Type A
Type B
Type C

Question 21

Type A fibers

Answer 21

largest, myelinated.

Carries AP at over 300MPH

Question 22

Type B fibers

Answer 22

Smaller than A, Still myelinated

40MPH

Question 23

Type C fibers

Answer 23

smallest, unmyelinated

2 MPH

Question 24

Main characteristic of excitatory NT

Answer 24

they increase the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action potential

DEPOLARIZATION

Question 25

Main characteristic of inhibitory NT

Answer 25

they decrease the likelihood that the neuron will fire an action

HYPERPOLARIZATION

Question 26

Cholinergic synapse

Answer 26

chemical synapses that use acetylcholine molecules as the neurotransmitter.

Ca2+

Question 27

Role of Norepinephrine

Answer 27

Brain and ANS
Adrenergic synapse
Excitatory
mobilize the brain and body for action