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Anatomy & Physiology Lec. & Lab Exam 1 > Lab Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lab Exam 1 Flashcards

Histology

1
Q

Histology

A

The study of tissue structure and function

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2
Q

4 Tissue types

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nerve

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3
Q

2 primary components of tissue

A

Cells of similar function

Non-living “Extracellular-Matrix”

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4
Q

Epithelial basic properties

A 
Highly cellular (Composed almost entirely of cells)
Little extracellular matrix
Avascular
Innervated
Regenerative
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5
Q

Regenerative

A

Easily replaces lost cells by cell division

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6
Q

Avascular

A

Lack of blood cells

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7
Q

Innervated

A

supplied by nerve fibers

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8
Q

Complexity Classification of Epithelial

A

Simple or Stratified

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9
Q

Shape Classification of Epithelial

A

Squamous
Cuboidal
Culumnar

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10
Q

Epithelial Important functions

A

Lines the body cavities and structures (Protection & Lubrication)
Secretion of substances (Sweat)
Absorption of substances (Intestines, kidneys)

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11
Q

What is Simple Squamous epithelial

A

single layer of flattened cells with a disc shaped nuclei

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12
Q

Functions of simple squamous epithelial

A

diffusion and filtration

provide a slick, friction-reducing lining in lymphatic and cardiovascular systems

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13
Q

location of simple squamous epithelial

A

Lining of the heart
Blood vessels
Lining of ventral body cavities
Air sacs of lungs

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14
Q

What is the simple cuboidal epithelial

A

Single layer of cube-like cells with large, circular central nuclei

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15
Q

Function of simple cuboidal epithelial

A

Absorption and Secretion

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16
Q

Location of simple cuboidal epithelial

A

Ducts & secretory glands

Ovary surface

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17
Q

What is simple culumnar epithelial

A

Single layer of tall cells with an oval nuclei; many contain cilia

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18
Q

Function of simple culumnar epithelial

A

secretion and absorption

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19
Q

Location of simple culumnar epithelial

A

Most of the digestive tract
Gallbladder
Some regions of the uterus

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20
Q

What is pseudostratified columnar epithelial

A

Single layer of cells of differing heights

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21
Q

What is stratified squamous epithelial

A

Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells, (Basal cells are cuboidal or culumnar)

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22
Q

Function of stratified squamous epithelial

A

Protection of underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion

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23
Q

Where is stratifies squamous epithelial located

A

Linings of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

Epidermis of the skin

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24
Q

stratified cuboidal and culumnar epithelial

A

very rare in the body, typically 2 layers thick

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25
Q

What cells make up Nervous tissue

A

Neurons

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26
Q

Neurons

A

Neurons are branching cells

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27
Q

Nervous tissue function

A

Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to effectors

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28
Q

Location of Nervous Tissue

A

Brain
Spinal cord
Nerves

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29
Q

Types of Connective tissue

A

Loose Connective

Dense Connective

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30
Q

Types of Loose connective tissue

A

Aerolar

Adipose

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31
Q

Types of Dense connective tissue

A

Dense regular

Dense irregular

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32
Q

What is Aerolar loose connective tissue

A

Gel-like matrix with all three connective tissue fibers

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33
Q

Function of Aerolar loose connective tissue

A

Wraps and cushions organs
Plays an important role in Inflammation
Holds and conveys tissue fluid

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34
Q

Location of aeorlar loose connective tissue

A

Widely distributed under epithelial of body.

Packages organs

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35
Q

What is adipose loose connective tissue

A

Closely packaged fat cells

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36
Q

Function of adipose loose connective tissue

A

Provides reserve food fuel
Insulation
Supports and protects organs

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37
Q

Loaction of adipose loose connective tissue

A

Under skin
Around kidneys and eyeballs
Abdomen
Breasts

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38
Q

What is dense regular dense connective tissue

A

Primarily parallel collagen fibers, a few elastic fibers
Tightly packed together
Organized

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39
Q

Function of dense regular dense connective tissue

A

Attaches muscles to bones
Attaches bones to bones
Good Tensile strength

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40
Q

Location of dense regular dense connective tissue

A

Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

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41
Q

What is dense irregular dense connective tissue

A

Irregularly arranged collagen fibers(Unorganized)

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42
Q

Function of dense irregular dense connective tissue

A

Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions

Structural strength

43
Q

Location of dense irregular dense connective tissue

A

Dermis of the skin

Fibrous capsules of organs and joints

44
Q

Types of cartilage connective tissue

A

Hyaline

Elastic

45
Q

What is hyaline cartilage connective tissue

A

No distinct shape
Halos around cell
Most common form of cartilage in the body

46
Q

Location of Hyaline cartilage

A 
Between joints
Ribs
Nose
Trachea
Larynx
47
Q

Function of Hyaline cartilage

A

Supports and reinforces

48
Q

What is Elastic cartilage connective tissue

A

Similar to Hyaline but more elastic fibers

49
Q

Function of Elastic cartilage

A

Maintains the shape and structure while allowing flexability

50
Q

Location of elastic cartilage

A

External ear

51
Q

What is Bone (Osseous Tissue)

A

Hard, Calcified matrix with collagen fibers

Looks like tree rings

52
Q

Function of bone

A

Supports, protects, and provides levers for muscular action

53
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

Production of blood cells

54
Q

Where does hematopoiesis occur

A

bone marrow

55
Q

Location of bone

A

Bones

56
Q

What is blood tissue

A

Red and White blood cells in a fluid matrix

57
Q

Function of blood tissue

A

Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, waste, and other substances

58
Q

Location of blood tissue

A

Within blood vessels

59
Q

Types of Muscle tissue

A

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

60
Q

What is Skeletal muscle tissue

A

Long, cylindrical multinucleate cells with obvious ridges

Looks like stripes

61
Q

Function of skeletal muscle

A

Voluntary movement
Facial expression
Voluntary control

62
Q

Location of skeletal muscle

A

in muscles attached to bones or occasionally skin

63
Q

What is cardiac muscle

A

Unorganized strips that branch off, ridges, interlocking at discs

64
Q

Function of cardiac muscle

A

as it contracts it propels blood into circulation

INVOLUNTARY

65
Q

Location of cardiac muscle

A

The walls of the heart

66
Q

What is smooth muscle

A

spindle shaped cells with central nuclei.

Left to right

67
Q

Function of smooth muscle

A

Propels substances or objects along internal passageways

INVOLUNTARY

68
Q

Location of smooth muscle

A

Walls of hollow organs

69
Q

cephalic

A

whole head

70
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

71
Q

Buccal

A

Cheeks

72
Q

Occipital

A

Base of skull

73
Q

Orbital

A

eye

74
Q

nasal

A

nose

75
Q

oral

A

mouth

76
Q

mental

A

chin

77
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

78
Q

brachial

A

upper arm

79
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

80
Q

cubital

A

wrist

81
Q

palmar

A

palm of hand

82
Q

digital

A

fingers

83
Q

cervical

A

neck

84
Q

pectoral

A

upper chest

85
Q

sternal

A

breast bone

86
Q

mammary

A

lower chest

87
Q

axillary

A

armpit

88
Q

abdominal

A

stomach

89
Q

vertebral

A

spine

90
Q

dorsal

A

back

91
Q

lumbar

A

lower back

92
Q

sacral

A

back pelvic

93
Q

coxal

A

hip

94
Q

inguinal

A

groin

95
Q

gluteal

A

buttocks

96
Q

femoral

A

thigh

97
Q

patellar

A

front of knee

98
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

99
Q

sural

A

calf

100
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

101
Q

pedal

A

foot

102
Q

plantar

A

sole of foot

103
Q

Surface towards the bottom

A

Basal

104
Q

Surface towards the top

A

Apical

Anatomy & Physiology Lec. & Lab Exam 1 (16 decks)

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