Lecture: Chapter 10 Flashcards
THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
see following cards
MUSCLE MOVEMENT
Muscles can only pull/contract; they cannot push/expand. Generally the insertion (distal end) moves toward the origin (proximal end).
-FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF MUSCLES-
1) Prime Movers, 2) Antagonists, 3) Synergists, 4) Fixators
see following cards
PRIME MOVERS
a.k.a. “Agonist Muscles;” provide most of the force; .e.g. the biceps brachii in elbow flexion
ANTAGONISTS
opposing muscles; reverse/oppose; they do the opposite movement; e.g. triceps brachii oppose biceps brachii.
SYNERGISTS
aid the prime mover in its moving of the joint and reduce extra movements; assist a particular movement and stabilizes the joint; e.g. brachioradialis in elbow flexion.
FIXATORS
synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle origin; holds bone in joint still; e.g. back muscles maintaining upright posture
-NAMING SKELETAL MUSCLES-
Named for 1) Location (intercostal-between ribs), 2) Shape (deltoid from triangular delta; trapezius; rhomboid) 3) Size (longs, brevis), 4) Direction (Rectus Femoris - along the long axis of femur), 5) Number of Origins (biceps, triceps), 6) Location of Attachments (sternocleidomastoid: origin at sternum & clavicle insertion at mastoid process), and 7) Action (flexor, supinator)
-MUSCLE LIST-
origins, insertions, & actions
see following cards
BUCCINATOR
15
O: molar region of maxilla & mandible
I: orbicular oris
A: draws corner of mouth laterally; compresses cheek (sucking, whistling); holds food b/t teeth when chewing
MASSETER
20
O: zygomatic arch & maxilla
I: angle & ramus of mandible
A: closes jaw; elevates mandible
STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID
35
O: manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone
A: contraction of both muscles causes flexion of neck/head forward
SPLENIUS
36
O: ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of vertebrae C7-T6
I: mastoid process of occipital bone & transverse process of C2-C4
A: extend or hyperextend head
SCALENES
x
O: transverse process of cervical vertebrae
I: anteriolaterally on ribs 1-2
A: flexes & slightly rotates neck
INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS
41
O: superior border of rib below
I: inferior border of rib above
A: draws ribs together to depress rib cage
DIAPHRAGM
42
O: inferior border of rib cage & sternum
I: central tendon
A: prime mover of inspiration
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
43
O: pubic crest & symphysis
I: xyphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
A: flex & rotate vertebral column
EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
44
O: anterior surface of lower 8 ribs
I: pubic crest & tubercles; iliac crest
A: flexes & rotates vertebral column
SERRATUS ANTERIOR
51
O: lateral aspect of ribs 1-9
I: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
A: moves scapula forward toward chest wall; protracts scapula.
*innervated by long thoracic nerve
TRAPEZIUS
52
O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T12
I: spinous process & acromion of scapula, lateral 3rd of clavicle
A: stabilizes, raises, retracts, & rotates scapula
LEVATOR SCAPULAE
53
O: transverse processes of C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula, superior to spine
A: elevates & adducts scapula
RHOMBOID MINOR
54
O: spinous processes of C7 & T1
I: medial border of scapula
A: stabilizes scapula, pulls scapula medially
PECTORALIS MAJOR
56
O: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: prime mover of arm flexion
DELTOID
58
O: lateral 3rd of clavicle
I: tuberosity of humerus
A: prime mover of arm abduction
