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Anatomy & Physiology I > Lecture: Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Lecture: Chapter 10 Flashcards

1
Q

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

A

see following cards

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2
Q

MUSCLE MOVEMENT

A

Muscles can only pull/contract; they cannot push/expand. Generally the insertion (distal end) moves toward the origin (proximal end).

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3
Q

-FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF MUSCLES-

A

1) Prime Movers, 2) Antagonists, 3) Synergists, 4) Fixators

see following cards

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4
Q

PRIME MOVERS

A

a.k.a. “Agonist Muscles;” provide most of the force; .e.g. the biceps brachii in elbow flexion

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5
Q

ANTAGONISTS

A

opposing muscles; reverse/oppose; they do the opposite movement; e.g. triceps brachii oppose biceps brachii.

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6
Q

SYNERGISTS

A

aid the prime mover in its moving of the joint and reduce extra movements; assist a particular movement and stabilizes the joint; e.g. brachioradialis in elbow flexion.

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7
Q

FIXATORS

A

synergists that immobilize a bone or muscle origin; holds bone in joint still; e.g. back muscles maintaining upright posture

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8
Q

-NAMING SKELETAL MUSCLES-

A

Named for 1) Location (intercostal-between ribs), 2) Shape (deltoid from triangular delta; trapezius; rhomboid) 3) Size (longs, brevis), 4) Direction (Rectus Femoris - along the long axis of femur), 5) Number of Origins (biceps, triceps), 6) Location of Attachments (sternocleidomastoid: origin at sternum & clavicle insertion at mastoid process), and 7) Action (flexor, supinator)

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9
Q

-MUSCLE LIST-

origins, insertions, & actions

A

see following cards

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10
Q

BUCCINATOR

15

A

O: molar region of maxilla & mandible
I: orbicular oris
A: draws corner of mouth laterally; compresses cheek (sucking, whistling); holds food b/t teeth when chewing

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11
Q

MASSETER

20

A

O: zygomatic arch & maxilla
I: angle & ramus of mandible
A: closes jaw; elevates mandible

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12
Q

STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID

35

A

O: manubrium of sternum & medial portion of clavicle
I: mastoid process of temporal bone & superior nuchal line of occipital bone
A: contraction of both muscles causes flexion of neck/head forward

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13
Q

SPLENIUS

36

A

O: ligamentum nuchae, spinous process of vertebrae C7-T6
I: mastoid process of occipital bone & transverse process of C2-C4
A: extend or hyperextend head

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14
Q

SCALENES

x

A

O: transverse process of cervical vertebrae
I: anteriolaterally on ribs 1-2
A: flexes & slightly rotates neck

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15
Q

INTERNAL INTERCOSTALS

41

A

O: superior border of rib below
I: inferior border of rib above
A: draws ribs together to depress rib cage

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16
Q

DIAPHRAGM

42

A

O: inferior border of rib cage & sternum
I: central tendon
A: prime mover of inspiration

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17
Q

RECTUS ABDOMINIS

43

A

O: pubic crest & symphysis
I: xyphoid process & costal cartilages of ribs 5-7
A: flex & rotate vertebral column

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18
Q

EXTERNAL OBLIQUE

44

A

O: anterior surface of lower 8 ribs
I: pubic crest & tubercles; iliac crest
A: flexes & rotates vertebral column

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19
Q

SERRATUS ANTERIOR

51

A

O: lateral aspect of ribs 1-9
I: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
A: moves scapula forward toward chest wall; protracts scapula.
*innervated by long thoracic nerve

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19
Q

TRAPEZIUS

52

A

O: occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7-T12
I: spinous process & acromion of scapula, lateral 3rd of clavicle
A: stabilizes, raises, retracts, & rotates scapula

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20
Q

LEVATOR SCAPULAE

53

A

O: transverse processes of C1-C4
I: medial border of scapula, superior to spine
A: elevates & adducts scapula

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21
Q

RHOMBOID MINOR

54

A

O: spinous processes of C7 & T1
I: medial border of scapula
A: stabilizes scapula, pulls scapula medially

22
Q

PECTORALIS MAJOR

56

A

O: clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6
I: intertubercular sulcus of humerus
A: prime mover of arm flexion

23
Q

DELTOID

58

A

O: lateral 3rd of clavicle
I: tuberosity of humerus
A: prime mover of arm abduction

24
Q

SUPRASPINATUS

59

A

O: supraspinous fossa of scapula
I: superior part of greater tubercle of humerus
A: abducts humerus

25
Q

INFRASPINATUS

60

A

O: infraspinous fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: laterally rotates humerus

26
Q

SUBSCAPULARIS

61

A

O: subscapular fossa
I: lesser tubercle of humerus
A: medial rotation of humerus

27
Q

TERES MINOR

62

A

O: lateral border of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus
A: lateral rotation of humerus

28
Q

BRACHIORADIALIS

67

A

O: lateral ridge at distal end of humerus
I: base of styloid process of radius
A: synergist in forearm flexion

29
Q

TRICEPS BRACHII

68

A

O: long head of inferior margin of glenoid cavity
I: olacrenon process of ulna
A: powerful forearm extensor

30
Q

SUPINATOR

71

A

A: supinates forearm

31
Q

FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS

74

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus & coranoid process of ulna
I: base of 5th metacarpal, pisiform, & hamate bones
A: flexor of wrists; adducts hand

32
Q

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS LONGUS

75

A

O: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
I: base of 2nd metacarpal
A: extends wrist; abducts wrist

33
Q

EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS BREVIS

x

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 3rd metacarpal
A: extends & abducts wrist

34
Q

EXTENSOR CARPIS ULNARIS

76

A

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: base of 5th metacarpal
A: extends & adducts wrist

35
Q

FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS

77

A

O: medial epicondyle of humerus
I: middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
A: flexes wrist & middle phalanges of fingers 2-5

36
Q

FLEXOR DIGITORUM PROFUNDUS

x

A

O: anteriomedial surface of ulna
I: distal phalanges of fingers 2-5
A: flexes distal phalanges

37
Q

OPPONENS DIGITI MINIMI

x

A

O: hook of hamate
I: medial border of 5th metacarpal
A: helps in opposition

38
Q

OPPONENS POLLICIS

x

A

O: trapezium & transverse carpal ligament
I: metacarpal bone of thumb
A: opposition

39
Q

PSOAS MAJOR

x

A

O: transverse process T12-L5
I: less trochanter of femur
A: flexes and rotates thigh laterally

40
Q

SARTORIUS

82

A

O: anterior superior iliac spine
I: medial aspect of proximal tibia
A: flexes, abducts, & laterally rotates the thigh

41
Q

ADDUCTOR BREVIS

x

A

O: body & inferior ramus of pubis
I: lineaspera
A: adducts, medially rotates, & flexes thigh

42
Q

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

90

A

O: dorsal ilium, sacrum, & coccyx
I: gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract
A: powerful thigh extensor

43
Q

BICEPS FEMORIS

93

A

O: ischial tuberosity; linea aspera
I: insert into head of fibula & lateral condyle of tibia
A: extends thigh & flexes knee; laterally rotates leg

44
Q

SEMITENDINOSUS

94

A

O: ischial tuberosity
I: medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
A: extends thigh & flexes knee; medially rotates leg

45
Q

PIRIFORMIS

x

A

O: saccrum
I: superior border of greater trochanter of femur
A: rotates thigh laterally

46
Q

RECTUS FEMORIS

97

A

O: anterior inferior iliac spine
I: tibial tuberosity & patella
A: extends knee; flexes thigh at hip

47
Q

VASTUS LATERALIS

98

A

O: greater trochanter
I: tibial tuberosity & patella
A: extends & stabilizes knee

48
Q

VASTUS MEDIALIS

99

A

O: linea aspera, intertrochanteric line
I: tibial tuberosity & patella
A: extends knee; stabilizes patella

49
Q

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS

100

A

O: anterior & lateral surfaces of proximal femur
I: tibial tuberosity & patella
A: extends knee

50
Q

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

101

A

O: lateral condyle & upper 2/3 of tibia
I: surface of medial cuneiform
A: prime mover of dorsiflexion, inverts foot

51
Q

FIBULARIS LONGUS

102

A

O: head & upper portion of lateral fibula
I: 1st metatarsal
A: plantar flexes & everts foot

52
Q

GASTROCNEMIUS

104

A

O: medial & lateral condyles of femur
I: posterior calcaneus
A: plantar flexes foot when knee is extended

53
Q

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

x

A

O: superior portion of tibia & fibula
I: tendon passes obliquely behind mediomaleolus; and several tarsals & metatarsals 2-4
A:

Anatomy & Physiology I (10 decks)

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