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Anatomy & Physiology I > Lecture: Chapter 04 > Flashcards

Lecture: Chapter 04 Flashcards

1
Q

TISSUES

A

groups of cells similar in structure that perform a common function

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2
Q

4 TYPES OF TISSUES

A

1) Epithelial
2) Connective
3) Nervous
4) Muscle

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3
Q

1:

-EPITHELIAL TISSUE-

A

covers a surface or lines a cavity

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4
Q

EPITHELIAL CLASSIFICATIONS

A

a)Simple Epithelia=single cell layer; b)Stratified Epithelia=two or more layers stacked; c)Squamous=flat or scale-like; d)Cuboidal=box-like, like a die; e)Columnar=column-shaped, taller than wide

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5
Q

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

A

Function: diffusion, filtration, secretion
Location: kidney glomeruli; alveoli of lungs; lining of heart, blood vessels, & lymphatic vessels; serosae of ventral body cavity

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6
Q

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM

A

Function: secretion and absorption
Location: kidney tubules, ducts, secretory part of small glands, ovary surface.

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7
Q

SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

A

Function: absorption; secretion of mucus, enzymes, & other stuff.
Location: lines most of digestive tract from stomach to rectum

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8
Q

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

A

(vary in height, but all cells touch basement membrane; nuclei at different heights, appear to be several layers)
Function: secretion or absorption
Location: sperm-carrying ducts, ducts of large glands, trachea, & most of upper respiratory tract

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9
Q

STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

A

(2 or more layers; flat, scale-like)
Function: protects underlying tissues
Location: keratinized in epidermis of skin, lining of esophagus, mouth.

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10
Q

STRATIFIED CUBOIDIAL EPITHELIUM

A

(2 or more layers; cube-shaped)
Function: secretory; sweat glands & mammary glands
Location: boobs and skin

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11
Q

STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

A

Function: protection & secretion
Location: at junctions w/ other types of epithelia: pharynx and male urethra

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12
Q

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

A

Function: allows bladder to fill w/ urine, then relax when empty
Location: lining of hollow urinary organs, especially bladder

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13
Q

GLANDULAR EPITHELIA

A

2 types: Endocrine(ductless) and Exocrine

see following cards

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14
Q

ENDOCRINE GLANDS

A

“ductless glands;” produce hormones, which are released directly into bloodstream

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15
Q

EXOCRINE GLANDS

A

secrete their products onto the body surface or into cavities.
(2 types of Glands: uni- and multi-cellular)

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16
Q

UNICELLULAR

excocrine gland

A

goblet cell (blob-shaped); found in intestinal and respiratory tracts; produce mucin (mucus).

17
Q

MULTICELLULAR

exocrine gland

A

2 Parts: epithelium-derived duct & secretory unit;
Structural Classification:
a)Simple(unbranched) or Compound(branched)
b)Tubular(tube-like), Alveolar(flask-shaped), or Tubuloalveolar(both)
Modes of Secretion:
a)Mendocrine=secrete by exocytosis(in pancreas, salivary, & most sweat glands)
b)Holocrine=accumulates product until cell ruptures(sebaceous (oil) glands of skin)

18
Q

2:

-CONNECTIVE TISSUE-

A

most abundant & widely spread type of tissue;

3 structural elements: Ground Substance, Fibers, & Cells

19
Q

GROUND SUBSTANCE

A

(element of connective tissue)

unstructured material that fills space between cells and fibers

20
Q

FIBERS

connective tissue

A

(element of connective tissue)

provide support; 3 types: a)Collagen, b) Elastic, c) Reticular

21
Q

COLLAGEN FIBERS

A

mostly collagen (fibrous protein); very high tensile strength; strongest & most abundant by far; *Found in:

22
Q

ELASTIC FIBERS

A

mostly elastin (rubbery protein); allow tissue to stretch & recoil; *Found in lungs, bladder, stomach, skin, rectum.

23
Q

RETICULAR FIBERS

A

mostly collagen (of a different chemistry); provides support for small blood vessels & organs; *Found in spleen, marrow, liver, kidneys.

24
Q

CELLS

connective tissue

A

“blasts”=undifferentiated/immature “baby cells;”
3 types of blasts: a)Fibroblasts-produce connective tissue, b) Chondroblasts-produce cartilage, c)Osteoblasts-produce bone;
Also, Hematopoietic stem cells-produce blood.
“Cyte”=mature/inactive “adult cells”

25
Q

-TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE-

A

Mesenchyme, Connective tissue proper, Cartilage, Bone, Blood, Lymph
(see following cards)

25
Q 
CARTILAGE
(class of connective tissue)
A

3 types: Hyalin, Elastic, Fibro Cartilage

All withstand stretching & compression; all are avascular & receive nutrients by diffusion; no nerve fibers.

26
Q

HYALINE

type of cartilage

A

a.k.a. “gristle;” covers ends of long bones, tip of nose; connects ribs to sternum; forms the epiphyseal (growth) plate in growing bones.

27
Q

ELASTIC

type of cartilage

A

lots of elastin fibers; external ear, epiglottis.

28
Q 
FIBRO CARTILAGE
(type of cartilage)
A

rows of chondrocytes alternate w/ rows of thick collagen fibers; Found in intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, and menisci in knees

29
Q 
BONE
(class of connective tissue)
A

supports and protects body structures

30
Q 
BLOOD
(class of connective tissue)
A

made up of cells in nonliving fluid matrix called plasma

31
Q 
LYMPH
(class of connective tissue)
A

extracellular fluid; flows in lymph vessels; similar to blood plasma.

32
Q 
COVERING & LINING MEMBRANES
(class of connective tissue)
A

3 Types: Cutaneous, Mucous, & Serous

33
Q

CUTANEOUS MEMBRANES

A

skin

34
Q

MUCOUS MEMBRANES

A

a.k.a. “mucosae;” lines body cavities open to the outside; e.g. digestive, respiratory, urogenital tracts - all are moist and secrete mucus.

35
Q

SEROUS MEMBRANES

A

a.k.a. “serosae;” found in closed ventral body cavities; produces serous fluid that lubricates facing membranes; named for location: pleura(lungs), pericardium(around heart), peritoneum (abdominopelvic cavity)

36
Q

3:

-NERVOUS TISSUE-

A

brain, spinal cord, and nerves; regulates and controls body functions.
2 Major Cell types: Neurons & Supporting Cells

Anatomy & Physiology I (10 decks)

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