Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology I > Lecture: Chapter 02 > Flashcards

Lecture: Chapter 02 Flashcards

1
Q

MATTER

A

anything that occupies space and has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

STATES OF MATTER

A

solid, liquid, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ENERGY

A

the capacity to do work or put matter in motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

KINETIC ENERGY

A

energy of movement; energy in action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

POTENTIAL ENERGY

A

stored energy; inactive energy of position (water behind a dam) or condition (unused battery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ENERGY CONVERSION

A

is inefficient; high percentage is lost to environment as heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 MAJOR ELEMENTS IN BODY

A

Oxygen(O, 65%), Carbon(C, 18.5%), Hydrogen(H, 9.5%), Nitrogen(N, 3.2%)
together they make up 96%of body weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SUBATOMIC PARTICLES

A

Proton(+), Neutron(n/a), Electron(-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ATOMIC NUMBER

A

the number of protons in nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MASS NUMBER

A

sum of protons and neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ISOTOPES

A

structural variation of an element; same number of protons (and electrons) but different number of neutrons, therefore different atomic mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RADIOISOTOPES

A

isotopes that are unstable and spontaneously decay (radioactive); used in medical diagnostics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MOLECULES

A

tow or more atoms in a specific ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

COMPOUND

A

two or more different atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MIXTURES

A

two or more components physically intermingled;

3 types: solutions, colloids, suspensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SOLUTIONS

A

homogenous mixtures (i.e. air, salt water)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

SOLVENT

A

dissolvent substance (usually liquid); e.g. water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SOLUTE

A

dissolved substance; e.g. sugar, chlorine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

COLLOIDS / SUSPENSIONS

A

a.k.a. Emulsions; heterogeneous mixtures, usually opaque (white), e.g. milk; do NOT settle out; liquid to gel state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

SUSPENSIONS

A

heterogenous mixtures with large solutes that often settle out; e.g. salad dressing, blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

CHEMICAL BONDS

A

Electrons occur in a cloud around the nucleus. They have different energy levels and different numbers of electrons fill the different levels. Level1=2e; Level2=8e; Level3=remainder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

IONIC BONDS

A

Chemical bonds formed by transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to the other; the opposite charges then attract each other; e.g. sodium chloride (p.32)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

COVALENT BONDS

A

Chemical bonds formed by elements sharing the outermost electrons; e.g. hydrogen gas, methane (p. 32)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HYDROGEN BONDS

A

(in water) Chemical bonds in which slightly negative O is attracted to slightly positive H of different molecule; allows for/creates surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

A

occur whenever chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

ANABOLIC/ENDERGENIC REACTIONS

A

build things; require energy

26
Q

CATABOLIC/EXERGENIC REACTIONS

A

break things down; release energy

27
Q

FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE RATE OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

A

1)Temperature, 2)Concentration, 3)ParticleSize, 4)Catalysts(enzyme if biological; accelerate without getting involved)
Higher the Temp, Concentration and Smaller the Partice, the Faster the Reaction

28
Q

BIOCHEMISTRY

A

the study of the chemical composition and reactions of living matter
(see following cards)

29
Q

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A

contain carbon

30
Q

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A

all chemicals/compounds that do NOT contain carbon; i.e. water, salts, acids, bases.

31
Q

WATER

A

necessary for life and most bodily functions

32
Q

SALTS

A

compound containing cations(+) and anions(-); all ions are electrolytes, conduct current in solution.

33
Q

ACIDS

A

taste sour, release H+ ions; determine acidity of a solution

34
Q

BASES

A

taste bitter, accept H+ ions; conc. of hydroxyl ions(OH-); alkaline=basic

35
Q

pH

A

measures concentration of H+ ions or OH-; scale runs from 0(acidic) to 14(basic/alkaline)
see fig. 2.13 on p. 40

36
Q

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

A

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, & nucleic acids (all contain carbon)
-see following cards-

37
Q

CARBOHYDRATES

A

simple sugars or starches, contain C,H,O

38
Q

MONOSACCHARIDE

A

(type of carb)

simple sugar; 1 sugar unit long; 1)Glucose, 2)Fructose, 3)Galactose, 4)Ribose, 5)Dioxyribose

39
Q

DISACCHARIDE

A

(type of carb)

2 sugar units long, 2 monosaccharides joined; 1)Sucrose, 2)Maltose, 3)Lactose

40
Q

POLYSACCHARIDE

A

(type of carb)

a. k.a. polymers, long chain of sugar units;
1) Starch, 2)Glycogen

41
Q

STARCH

A

storage carb formed by plants; e.g. potatoes

42
Q

GLYCOGEN

A

storage carb found in muscle & liver; provides energy for body

43
Q

LIPIDS / FATS

A

more than 20% of body; protect and insulate organs; major source of stored energy; insoluble in water; include neutral fats, steroids, phospholipids

44
Q

NEUTRAL FAT

A

fatty acids and glycerol

45
Q

TRIGLYCERIDES

A

3 fatty acid chains & 1 glycerol

p. 45

46
Q

SATURATED FAT

A

Butter

only single covalent bonds between carbons

47
Q

UNSATURATED FAT

A

one or more double covalent bonds between carbons.
MONO=Olive&Peanut Oil
POLY=Corn&SoyBean Oil

48
Q

PHOSPHOLIPIDS

A

contain phosphorus, important for cell membranes

49
Q

STEROIDS

A

e.g. cholesterol & some hormones

50
Q

PROTEINS

A

15-30% of body; structural, enzymes, or contractile(muscle); building blocks are amino acids (there are 20 types of AA)

51
Q

TYPES OF AMINO ACIDS

A

2aa=Dipeptide
3aa=Tripeptide
>10aa=Polypeptide
>50aa=Protein

52
Q

STRUCTURAL LEVELS OF PROTEINS

p. 49

A 
1°(Primary)
Sequence_of_AminoAcids
2°(Secondary)
αORβ_pleated_sheet;Slinky_or_Pleated_ribbon
3°(Tertiary)
SecondaryStructure_folds_onSelf_making_GlobularMolecule
4°(Quaternary)
Two_orMore_PeptideChains
53
Q

PROTEINS ARE EITHER…

A

Fibrous or Globular

54
Q

FIBROUS (3) PROTEINS

A

string-like and used for structure; insoluble in water; very STABLE

55
Q

GLOBULAR PROTEINS

A

spherical & functional; can be denatured (like boiling egg in water); water soluble

56
Q

OTHER PROTEIN FORMS

A

Enzymes: speed up reactions

Coenzyme: usually vitamin (A helps vision, skin, hair, nails; D produced in skin w/ UV rays)

57
Q

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS

A

A, D, E, K(K helps blood clotting)

58
Q

NUCLEIC ACIDS

A

DNA & RNA

see following cards

59
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid; double helix; genetic material; contains bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine; C-G; A-T

60
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic Acid; contains bases C, G, A, U (uracil instead of thymine); A-U; G-C

61
Q

DNA

BASICS

A

Found in: Nucleus
Structure: Double Helix
Bases: A-T, C-G
Function: information for protein synthesis

62
Q

RNA

BASICS

A

Found in: Cytoplasm (outside nucleus)
Structure: Single strand
Bases: A-U, G-C
Function: carries out instructions for protein synthesis

63
Q

ATP

A

Adenosine Triphosphate; the energy cells use

Anatomy & Physiology I (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions