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Anatomy > Lecture-Brain & Spinal Cord > Flashcards

Lecture-Brain & Spinal Cord Flashcards

1
Q

Basic function of Cerebellum
Cranial nerves
Embryonic region

A

Coordinate and control of voluntary movement

Rhombencephalon
To
Metemcephalon

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2
Q

Function of frontal lobe

A

Conscious control of skeletal muscle

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3
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A

Conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste

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4
Q

Function of Occipital lobe

A

Conscious perception of visual stimuli

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5
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A

Conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli

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6
Q

Function of insula

A

Self-awareness

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7
Q

What is an association tract?

A

Fibers that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the SAME hemisphere
Ex. Fornicate

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8
Q

What is a commissural tract?

A

Fibers that connect one cerebral hemisphere to the other

Ex. Corpus callosum

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9
Q

What is a projection tract?

A

Fibers that connect the cerebrum and other parts of the brain or spinal cord
Ex. Internal capsule

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10
Q

3 regions of the diencephalon

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Hypothalamus
  3. Epithalamus
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11
Q

The pons is associated with which cranial Nerves?

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

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12
Q

The medulla oblongata is associated with which cranial nerves?

A

CN VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

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13
Q

The midbrain is associated with which 2 cranial nerves?

A

CN III, IV

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14
Q

What embryonic region did the medulla oblongata develop from?

A

Myelencephalon

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15
Q

What embryonic region did the pons and cerebellum develop from?

A

Metencephalon

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16
Q

What embryonic region did the diencephalon develop from?

A

Prosencephalon

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17
Q

4 folds in the dura of the brain

A
  1. Falx cerebri
  2. Tentorium cerebelli
  3. Falx cerebelli
  4. Diaphragma stellar
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18
Q

What does the falx cerebri divide?

A

A fold of dura found between the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure

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19
Q

What sinuses are located within the falx cerebri?

What vein do they drain into?

A

Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus

Jugular vein

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20
Q

What does the tentorium cerebelli do and what does it separate?

A

Supports and protects the 2 occipital loves of the cerebrum

Separates the cerebellum hemispheres from the cerebrum

21
Q

What does the dura fold falx cerebelli separate?

A

The 2 cerebellar hemispheres

22
Q

What does the diaphragma sella do?

A

Lines the sella turcica of the sphenoid

23
Q

Where do the cerebral veins drain?

A

Into the venous sinuses of the dura

24
Q

Arachnoid granulation definition
Location
Function

A 
Fingerlike extensions (villi)of the cranial arachnoid mater
They penetrate the dura mater and project into the venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus
allow CSF entrance from the subarachnoid space into the venous system.
25
Q

Sub dural space

A

Separates the dura mater and the cranial mater

26
Q

Which nucleus acts as a relay station for nerve pathways from the cerebrum, thalamus, and spinal cord into the cerebellum?

A

Olivary nucleus

27
Q

The term “cortex” refers to

A

The outer portion or rim of an organ

28
Q

Upper motor neurons

A

Span from the primary motor cortex to a somatic motor nucleus in the spinal cord

29
Q

What does the sensory homonculus demonstrate?

A

The principle of somatotropin organization

30
Q

What type of input does the postcentral gyrus receive?

A

Sensory input about touch, pressure, and pain

31
Q

Blood draining from the brain goes directly into where?

A

Superior sagittal venous sinus

32
Q

What part of the brain is found in the walls of the 3rd ventricle?

A

Thalamus

33
Q

What is the function of the motor pathways of the autonomic nervous system?

A

To control visceral effectors, such as smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands

34
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers destined for structures of the skin in the upper and lower limbs must first synapse where?

A

Sympathetic chain ganglia

35
Q

Function of the diencephalon of the brain?

A

Centers for controlling emotions, autonomic function and hormone production

36
Q

Which ventricle is the diencephalon associated with?

A

Third ventricle

37
Q

Mesencephalon

A

This region contains the substantia nigra where dopamine is produced to help regulate fine motor skills

38
Q

Visceral motor-sympathetic of pelvic and perineal

A

Hypogastric plexus-uterus, vagina, bladder, ductus deferens, prostate
Superior rectal plexus
Sacral sympathetic trunk-

39
Q

Visceral motor- parasympathetic of pelvic and perineal

A

Pelvic splanchic nn- parasympathetic innervation to internal pelvic organs and external genitalia

40
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Motor nerves of body for smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
2 peripheral motor neurons from spinal cord to effector (synapse in a ganglion)
Preganglionic: origin to ganglion
Postganglionic: ganglion to effector organ

41
Q

Ascending tract

A

Sensory delivers information to the brain

42
Q

Descending tract

A

Motor- delivers info to the periphery

43
Q

3 major sensory tracts

Somatosensory tracts

A

Posterior columns
Spinothalamic tract
Spinocerebellar tract

44
Q

Posterior columns

A

Carry proprioceptive info of fine touch, pressure and vibration

45
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Carry sensations of pain, temperature and crude sensations of touch and pressure

46
Q

Spinocerebellar tract

A

Transmits proprioceptive sensations not a conscious level.

47
Q

First order neuron

A

Is the sensory neuron that delivers the sensations to the CNS. Its cell body is in a dorsal root ganglion or a cranial nerve ganglion

48
Q

2nd order neuron

A

The axon of the 1st order neuron synapses on a 2nd order neuron. Its cell body may be located in either the spinal cord or the brain stem

49
Q

3rd order neuron

A

In tracts ending at the cerebral cortex, the 2nd order neuron synapses one 3rd order neuron in the thalamus. The axon of the 3rd order neuron carries the sensory information from the thalamus to the appropriate sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.

Anatomy (11 decks)

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