Lecture-Brain & Spinal Cord

Question 1

Basic function of Cerebellum
Cranial nerves
Embryonic region

Answer 1

Coordinate and control of voluntary movement

Rhombencephalon
To
Metemcephalon

Question 2

Function of frontal lobe

Answer 2

Conscious control of skeletal muscle

Question 3

Function of parietal lobe

Answer 3

Conscious perception of touch, pressure, vibration, pain, temperature, and taste

Question 4

Function of Occipital lobe

Answer 4

Conscious perception of visual stimuli

Question 5

Function of temporal lobe

Answer 5

Conscious perception of auditory and olfactory stimuli

Question 6

Function of insula

Answer 6

Self-awareness

Question 7

What is an association tract?

Answer 7

Fibers that connect areas of the cerebral cortex within the SAME hemisphere
Ex. Fornicate

Question 8

What is a commissural tract?

Answer 8

Fibers that connect one cerebral hemisphere to the other

Ex. Corpus callosum

Question 9

What is a projection tract?

Answer 9

Fibers that connect the cerebrum and other parts of the brain or spinal cord
Ex. Internal capsule

Question 10

3 regions of the diencephalon

Answer 10

1. Thalamus
2. Hypothalamus
3. Epithalamus

Question 11

The pons is associated with which cranial Nerves?

Answer 11

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

Question 12

The medulla oblongata is associated with which cranial nerves?

Answer 12

CN VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

Question 13

The midbrain is associated with which 2 cranial nerves?

Answer 13

CN III, IV

Question 14

What embryonic region did the medulla oblongata develop from?

Answer 14

Myelencephalon

Question 15

What embryonic region did the pons and cerebellum develop from?

Answer 15

Metencephalon

Question 16

What embryonic region did the diencephalon develop from?

Answer 16

Prosencephalon

Question 17

4 folds in the dura of the brain

Answer 17

1. Falx cerebri
2. Tentorium cerebelli
3. Falx cerebelli
4. Diaphragma stellar

Question 18

What does the falx cerebri divide?

Answer 18

A fold of dura found between the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure

Question 19

What sinuses are located within the falx cerebri?

What vein do they drain into?

Answer 19

Superior sagittal sinus
Inferior sagittal sinus

Jugular vein

Question 20

What does the tentorium cerebelli do and what does it separate?

Answer 20

Supports and protects the 2 occipital loves of the cerebrum

Separates the cerebellum hemispheres from the cerebrum

Question 21

What does the dura fold falx cerebelli separate?

Answer 21

The 2 cerebellar hemispheres

Question 22

What does the diaphragma sella do?

Answer 22

Lines the sella turcica of the sphenoid

Question 23

Where do the cerebral veins drain?

Answer 23

Into the venous sinuses of the dura

Question 24

Arachnoid granulation definition
Location
Function

Answer 24

Fingerlike extensions (villi)of the cranial arachnoid mater
They penetrate the dura mater and project into the venous sinuses of the superior sagittal sinus
allow CSF entrance from the subarachnoid space into the venous system.

Question 25

Sub dural space

Answer 25

Separates the dura mater and the cranial mater

Question 26

Which nucleus acts as a relay station for nerve pathways from the cerebrum, thalamus, and spinal cord into the cerebellum?

Answer 26

Olivary nucleus

Question 27

The term "cortex" refers to

Answer 27

The outer portion or rim of an organ

Question 28

Upper motor neurons

Answer 28

Span from the primary motor cortex to a somatic motor nucleus in the spinal cord

Question 29

What does the sensory homonculus demonstrate?

Answer 29

The principle of somatotropin organization

Question 30

What type of input does the postcentral gyrus receive?

Answer 30

Sensory input about touch, pressure, and pain

Question 31

Blood draining from the brain goes directly into where?

Answer 31

Superior sagittal venous sinus

Question 32

What part of the brain is found in the walls of the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 32

Thalamus

Question 33

What is the function of the motor pathways of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 33

To control visceral effectors, such as smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 34

Preganglionic sympathetic fibers destined for structures of the skin in the upper and lower limbs must first synapse where?

Answer 34

Sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 35

Function of the diencephalon of the brain?

Answer 35

Centers for controlling emotions, autonomic function and hormone production

Question 36

Which ventricle is the diencephalon associated with?

Answer 36

Third ventricle

Question 37

Mesencephalon

Answer 37

This region contains the substantia nigra where dopamine is produced to help regulate fine motor skills

Question 38

Visceral motor-sympathetic of pelvic and perineal

Answer 38

Hypogastric plexus-uterus, vagina, bladder, ductus deferens, prostate Superior rectal plexus Sacral sympathetic trunk-

Question 39

Visceral motor- parasympathetic of pelvic and perineal

Answer 39

Pelvic splanchic nn- parasympathetic innervation to internal pelvic organs and external genitalia

Question 40

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 40

Motor nerves of body for smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands 2 peripheral motor neurons from spinal cord to effector (synapse in a ganglion) Preganglionic: origin to ganglion Postganglionic: ganglion to effector organ

Question 41

Ascending tract

Answer 41

Sensory delivers information to the brain

Question 42

Descending tract

Answer 42

Motor- delivers info to the periphery

Question 43

3 major sensory tracts Somatosensory tracts

Answer 43

Posterior columns Spinothalamic tract Spinocerebellar tract

Question 44

Posterior columns

Answer 44

Carry proprioceptive info of fine touch, pressure and vibration

Question 45

Spinothalamic tract

Answer 45

Carry sensations of pain, temperature and crude sensations of touch and pressure

Question 46

Spinocerebellar tract

Answer 46

Transmits proprioceptive sensations not a conscious level.

Question 47

First order neuron

Answer 47

Is the sensory neuron that delivers the sensations to the CNS. Its cell body is in a dorsal root ganglion or a cranial nerve ganglion

Question 48

2nd order neuron

Answer 48

The axon of the 1st order neuron synapses on a 2nd order neuron. Its cell body may be located in either the spinal cord or the brain stem

Question 49

3rd order neuron

Answer 49

In tracts ending at the cerebral cortex, the 2nd order neuron synapses one 3rd order neuron in the thalamus. The axon of the 3rd order neuron carries the sensory information from the thalamus to the appropriate sensory areas of the cerebral cortex.