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Anatomy > digestive & Urinary > Flashcards

digestive & Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

Function is to remove waste from the blood

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2
Q

What 2 structures make up the renal corpuscles?

A

Bowman’ capsule

Glomerulus

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3
Q

What artery is the blood supply to the kidneys?

A

Renal artery

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4
Q

Distinguish between female and male urethra

A

Females are shorter=4 cm

Males are longer =20 cm

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5
Q

What is the glomerulus in the kidney?

A

A tuft of capillaries enclosed by the glomerular capsule. It filters blood as it goes (arterioles in a corpuscle)

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6
Q

What is the blood supply to the liver?

A

Proper hepatic artery?

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7
Q

What is the digestive function of the liver?

A

To produce bile, which is a substance that emulsified fats

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8
Q

What is the blood supply to the pancreas?

A

Branches from the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery

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9
Q

What is cisterns chyli?

A

An expanded chamber that collects lymph from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limbs.
Is continuous with the thoracic duct

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10
Q

What is the function of the thoracic duct?

A

Carries lymph and enters the circulatory system then empties the lymph into the junction of the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

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11
Q

The spleen functions as what 2 systems?

A

Lymphatic and blood circulatory systems

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12
Q

What does retroperitoneally mean?

A

Located posterior to the parietal peritoneum

Kidneys

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13
Q

What type of tissue lines the luminal surface of the esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

What is the function of plicae circulares in the small intestine?

A

Increased surface area of intestinal wall

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15
Q

Accessory structures of digestion

A

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Salivary glands

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16
Q

What lympathetic structure helps absorb fats and is found in the villi of small intestines?

A

Lacteals

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17
Q

The portion of the stomach beneath inferior to the diaphragm is called

A

Fundus

18
Q

Function of pancreas

A

Production of enzymes that break lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into smaller molecules that can be absorbed

19
Q

How does the duodenum protect itself from the acids coming from the stomach and the enzymes and other secretions coming in from the liver and pancreas?

A

With submucosal duodenal glands

20
Q

Mesenteries

A

Fused double sheets of peritoneal membrane in the abdomen

21
Q

What muscle is the internal anal sphincter derived?

A

Smooth muscle of the rectum

22
Q

Taenia Coli

A

The longitudinal muscle layer reduced to 3 bands found along the length of the large intestine

23
Q

Functions of the kidney

A

Regulating concentrations of electrolytes
Regulating blood volume and pressure
Stabilizing blood pH
Filtering soluble wastes from body

24
Q

What type of tissue lines the small intestines of the digestive tract?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

25
Q

Which 2 salivary glands share a common cranial nerve innervation?

A

Submandibular and sublingual

26
Q

Esophagus

A

Muscular tube connecting pharynx to stomach.
Stratified squamous epithelium
Mucosa in folds to allow for expansion
Mixture of skeletal and smooth muscle
Ends at esophageal hiatus as esophagus passes through diaphragm

27
Q

Stomach

A

A chamber for bulk storage of food

Beginning of chemical digestion of acids and enzymes

28
Q

Inner surface of the stomach is covered with folds of tissue called….

A

Rivas

29
Q

The portion of the stomach beneath the diaphragm

A

Fundus

30
Q

Distal end of the stomach

A

Pyloric region ending with the pyloric sphincter

31
Q

Small intestine

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

32
Q

Large intestine

A 
Cecum
Ascending Colin
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
33
Q

Rough folded surface of the small intestine that increase the surface area of the intestinal wall

A

Plicae circulares

34
Q

Epithelium lining of small intestine

A

Simple columnar

Goblet cells

35
Q

Ileum

A

Plicae and villi become smaller and sparser
Progressively less absorption occurs
Lymphoid nodules- peyer’s patches protect from migration of large intestine bacteria
Ends in ileocecal valve

36
Q

Largest visceral organ in body

Receives blood from digestive tract before it reaches systemic circulation

A

Liver

37
Q

Blood supply of abdominal organs

Unpaired

A 
Celiac trunk 
Left gastric artery
Splenic artery 
Common hepatic artery 
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
38
Q

Blood supply of abdominal organs

Paired branches

A

Suprarenal aa
Renal aa
Testicular/ovarian aa

39
Q

3 functions of liver

A

Metabolic regulation
Regulation of blood
Synthesis of vile

40
Q

Pancreas

A

Major producer of digestive enzymes

Anatomy (11 decks)

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