CNS-brain & spinal cord

Question 1

Outermost meninges

Dense irregular tissue

Answer 1

Dura Mater

Question 2

Middle meninx

Attached to the inner surface of the dura mater

Answer 2

Arachnoid mater

Question 3

Innermost layer of the meninges

Connective tissue that holds the cerebral and spinal arteries and veins in placement

Answer 3

Pia mater

Question 4

Two specializations of Pia mater for spinal cord

Answer 4

1. The filum terminale of pia mater anchors the spinal cord to the sacrum and coccyx
2. Denticulate ligaments “teeth” of pia mater extend across the sub arachnoid space thru arachnoid mater and anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater

Question 5

Superior sagittal sinus

Answer 5

One of the dural venous sinuses
Courses between the layers of cranial dura mater.
Blood drains directly from the brain into the superior sagittal venous sinus

Question 6

What distinguishes the dura of the brain from the dura of the spinal cord?

Answer 6

Brain- the dura has a tight adherence to the skill especially at the sutures.
Has 2 layers for dural venous sinuses

Spinal cord- no dural venous sinuses
Dura around the spinal cord is not attached to the inner surface of the vertebral canal.

Question 7

Where is the epidural space and what does it contain?

Answer 7

It is a space between the dura and the bone of the vertebral canal
Contains epidural fat and network of veins (epidural venous plexus)

Question 8

Where does cerebrospinal fluid circulate?

Answer 8

Subarachnoid space

Question 9

Falx cerebri

Answer 9

A fold of the inner layer of the cranial dura that divides the cerebral hemispheres

Question 10

Where is the superior sagittal venous sinus found?

Answer 10

At the junction of the falx cerebri and the dura attached to the skull

Question 11

Where is the inferior sagittal venous sinus found?

Answer 11

Along the inferior edge of the falx cerebri

Question 12

What structure is the spinal cord continuous with?

Answer 12

Medulla oblongata

Question 13

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 13

A fold of dura similar in structure to the falx cerebri. Separates the occipital lobes of the cerebrum from the cerebellum.

Question 14

Tentorial insure

Answer 14

An opening in the tentorium cerebelli for passage of the midbrain

Question 15

External features of the spinal cord

Answer 15

1. Cervical & lumbosacral enlargements
2. Conus medullaris
3. Anterior median fissure
4. Posterior median sulcus

Question 16

Cervical & lumbosacral enlargements

Answer 16

Regions of the spinal cord that correspond to the nerve plexuses and innervate the upper and lower limbs

Question 17

Conus medullaris

Answer 17

Pointed inferior end of the spinal cord

Question 18

Anterior median fissure

Answer 18

A longitudinal groove running vertically along the anterior midline of the spinal cord

Question 19

Posterior median sulcus

Answer 19

A longitudinal groove running vertically along the posterior midline of the spinal cord

Question 20

What is gray matter and where is it in the spinal cord? Brain?

Answer 20

Gray matter is primarily neuronal cell bodies that forms the H-shaped central regional the spinal cord.
Gray matter in the brain makes up the cerebral cortex (outer)

Question 21

What is white matter and where is it in the spinal cord? Brain?

Answer 21

White matter in the spinal cord consists of ascending and descending tracts (myelinated axons) and surrounds the gray matter

White matter in the brain is deep to the gray matter. (Opposite of spinal cord)

Question 22

Spinal nerves are?

Answer 22

Nerves of the peripheral nervous system

Question 23

Lobes of the brain and their functions

Answer 23

Frontal lobe-motor function
Parietal lobe-processes sensory info that has to do with taste, temperature and touch
Occipital lobe-processes visual information
Temporal lobe-processes sensory input into derived meanings for visual memory, language comprehension and emotion association

Question 24

What hormone is secreted by the pineal gland and what is the hormone’s function?

Answer 24

Melatonin-helps to regulate the human sleep-wake cycle

Question 25

3 functions of the cerebellum

Answer 25

1. Aids in balance
2. Posture
3. Coordination below the level of consciousness

Question 26

2 parts of the corpora quadrigemina

Answer 26

1. Superior colliculi-eye movement when tracking something

2. Inferior colliculi- head movement in response to auditory stimuli

Question 27

3 functions of the cerebellum

Answer 27

1. Aids in balance
2. Posture
3. Coordination below the level of consciousness

Question 28

What are the 3 sensory cranial nerves?

Answer 28

Olfactory
Optic
Vestibulocochlear

Question 29

Which brain structure is a “somatosensory relay station”?

Answer 29

Thalamus

Question 30

2 arteries that are the arterial supply to the brain

Answer 30

Internal carotid

Vertebral arteries

Question 31

Type of nuclei that are housed in the medulla oblongata?

Answer 31

Respiratory

Cardiovascular control centers

Question 32

Corpus callosum is what type of tract?

Answer 32

Commisural tract