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Anatomy > Lecture- Blood,heart, blood Vessels & Lymphatic & respiratory > Flashcards

Lecture- Blood,heart, blood Vessels & Lymphatic & respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

What is blood and its function?

A

A fluid connective tissue distributing nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to the cells in the body.

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2
Q

Blood consists of what 2 components?

A

Plasma

Formed elements

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3
Q

Plasma is what?

A

The liquid component of blood that contains dissolved proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, and wastes

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4
Q

What are the components of formed elements?

A

Blood cells- red blood cells and white blood cells and cell fragments (platelets)

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5
Q

Function of red blood cells

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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6
Q

Function of white blood cells

A

Components of the immune system

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7
Q

What are platelets?

A

Small membrane enclosed packets of cytoplasm containing enzymes and clotting factors

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8
Q

What are the terms for blood volume?

A

Hypovolenic-low
Normovolemic-normal
Hypervolemic- excessive blood volume

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9
Q

8 functions of blood

A
  1. Transport dissolved gases
  2. Distribute nutrients absorbed in digestive tract
  3. Transport metabolic waste
  4. Deliver enzymes and hormones to specific target tissues
  5. Stabilize the pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids throughout the body
  6. Prevent fluid losses thru damaged vessels or other injury sites
  7. Defend against toxins and pathogens
  8. Stabilize body temp by absorbing and redistributing heat
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10
Q

Mnemonic for white blood cell populations

A

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes 
Eosinophils
Basophils
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11
Q

Which vessels follow the branching of and run parallel to bronchi and bronchioles?

A

Pulmonary arteries

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12
Q

Respiratory epithelium is

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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13
Q

The most distal respiratory passage that does not deal with gas exchange

A

Terminal bronchioles

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14
Q

Main site of gas exchange with capillaries in the lungs

A

Aveoli

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15
Q

Passageway for inspired air; contains pharyngeal tonsils and opening for auditory tube

A

Nasopharynx

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16
Q

Small cartilages to which the vocal folds and ligaments attach

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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17
Q

These cells have an immune function in the removal of pathogens alveoli

A

Alveolar macrophages

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18
Q

How are bronchioles distinguished from other airways?

A

They lack cartilage supports and are lined with ciliated simple columnar epithelium

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19
Q

The most inferior surface of the heart is?

A

Diaphragmatic surface

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20
Q

Phagocytic cell with multi-loved nucleus

A

Neutrophil

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21
Q

Cell with no nucleus

A

Mature red blood cell

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22
Q

Darkly staining cytoplasmic granules that release histamine

A

Basophils

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23
Q

Acidic staining granules with bilobed nucleus and are attracted to antigens

A

Eosinophils

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24
Q

Cell with large nucleus and small quantity of cytoplasm

A

Lymphocyte

25
Q

What type of blood cell is involved in production of antibodies?

A

B lymphocyte

26
Q

How do erythrocytes differ from most other cells?

A

They have no nucleus, mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum

27
Q

What type of blood cell is know as a macrophage when it is found in peripheral tissues of the body (not in the circulatory system)?

A

Monocytes

28
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Membranous layer that is directly on the heart muscle

29
Q

The most anterior surface of the heart

A

Sternocostal surface

30
Q

Type II pneumocytes

A

Cell that secretes a surfactant in the lung

31
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Forms a complete ring around the airway

32
Q

What epithelium are alveoli lined with?

A

Simple squamous epithelium

33
Q

Contains the openings to the coronary sinus and superior and inferior vena cava

A

Right atrium

34
Q

Contains the opening to the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary semilunar valve

A

Right ventricle

35
Q

Contains the openings to the pulmonary veins

A

Left atrium

36
Q

Contain the opening to the aorta and the aortic semilunar valve

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

Conduction system of the heart

A

composed of modified cardiac muscle cells (conducting cells)

not visible in dissection
spontaneous contraction

SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → purkinje fibers

38
Q

Sinoatrial valve

A

the “pacemaker”

controls the rate of contraction (base rate of 50-60/min)

39
Q

3 proteins of plasma

A

Albumins
Globulins
Dobro gen

40
Q

What is the sinoatrial node responsible for doing?

A

It controls the rate of contraction

41
Q

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of what duct?

A

Thoracic duct

42
Q

The left gastric artery and the splenic artery are branches of?

A

Celiac trunk

43
Q

Megakaryocytes produce what?

A

Platelets

44
Q

What tissue provides a supporting framework, forming the storms of the liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes?

A

Reticular

45
Q

What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of blood vessels?

A

Simple squamous

46
Q

What type of artery is the aorta?

A

Elastic

47
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

48
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

49
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium

50
Q

Intercalated discs

A

Connected by gap junctions
Myofibrils of the interlocking muscle fibers are anchored at the membrane
The provide additional strength from cells bound together by tight junctions

51
Q

The heart is innervated by

A

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

52
Q

Abdominal lymph nodes

A

Filter lymph arriving from the urinalysis and reproductive systems

53
Q

Thoracic lymph nodes

A

Receive lymph from the lungs, respiratory passageways, and mediastinal structures

54
Q

Spleen

A

Largest lymphoid organ in the body

55
Q

Inguinal lymph nodes

A

Monitor lymph arriving at the trunk from the lower limbering

56
Q

Axillary lymph nodes

A

Filter lymph from the mammary glands in women

57
Q

Which population of lymphocytes assists in the regulation and coordination of the immune response?

A

Suppressor T cells

58
Q

Thymus gland

A

Contains stem cells the produce daughter cells that mature into T cells

59
Q

Subcapsular space

A

A region of lymph node that contains a meshwork of branching reticular fibers, macrophages and dendritic cells

Anatomy (11 decks)

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