Lecture- Blood,heart, blood Vessels & Lymphatic & respiratory

Question 1

What is blood and its function?

Answer 1

A fluid connective tissue distributing nutrients, oxygen, and hormones to the cells in the body.

Question 2

Blood consists of what 2 components?

Answer 2

Plasma

Formed elements

Question 3

Plasma is what?

Answer 3

The liquid component of blood that contains dissolved proteins, nutrients, electrolytes, and wastes

Question 4

What are the components of formed elements?

Answer 4

Blood cells- red blood cells and white blood cells and cell fragments (platelets)

Question 5

Function of red blood cells

Answer 5

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 6

Function of white blood cells

Answer 6

Components of the immune system

Question 7

What are platelets?

Answer 7

Small membrane enclosed packets of cytoplasm containing enzymes and clotting factors

Question 8

What are the terms for blood volume?

Answer 8

Hypovolenic-low
Normovolemic-normal
Hypervolemic- excessive blood volume

Question 9

8 functions of blood

Answer 9

1. Transport dissolved gases
2. Distribute nutrients absorbed in digestive tract
3. Transport metabolic waste
4. Deliver enzymes and hormones to specific target tissues
5. Stabilize the pH and electrolyte composition of interstitial fluids throughout the body
6. Prevent fluid losses thru damaged vessels or other injury sites
7. Defend against toxins and pathogens
8. Stabilize body temp by absorbing and redistributing heat

Question 10

Mnemonic for white blood cell populations

Answer 10

Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes 
Eosinophils
Basophils

Question 11

Which vessels follow the branching of and run parallel to bronchi and bronchioles?

Answer 11

Pulmonary arteries

Question 12

Respiratory epithelium is

Answer 12

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Question 13

The most distal respiratory passage that does not deal with gas exchange

Answer 13

Terminal bronchioles

Question 14

Main site of gas exchange with capillaries in the lungs

Answer 14

Aveoli

Question 15

Passageway for inspired air; contains pharyngeal tonsils and opening for auditory tube

Answer 15

Nasopharynx

Question 16

Small cartilages to which the vocal folds and ligaments attach

Answer 16

Arytenoid cartilage

Question 17

These cells have an immune function in the removal of pathogens alveoli

Answer 17

Alveolar macrophages

Question 18

How are bronchioles distinguished from other airways?

Answer 18

They lack cartilage supports and are lined with ciliated simple columnar epithelium

Question 19

The most inferior surface of the heart is?

Answer 19

Diaphragmatic surface

Question 20

Phagocytic cell with multi-loved nucleus

Answer 20

Neutrophil

Question 21

Cell with no nucleus

Answer 21

Mature red blood cell

Question 22

Darkly staining cytoplasmic granules that release histamine

Answer 22

Basophils

Question 23

Acidic staining granules with bilobed nucleus and are attracted to antigens

Answer 23

Eosinophils

Question 24

Cell with large nucleus and small quantity of cytoplasm

Answer 24

Lymphocyte

Question 25

What type of blood cell is involved in production of antibodies?

Answer 25

B lymphocyte

Question 26

How do erythrocytes differ from most other cells?

Answer 26

They have no nucleus, mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

What type of blood cell is know as a macrophage when it is found in peripheral tissues of the body (not in the circulatory system)?

Answer 27

Monocytes

Question 28

Visceral pericardium

Answer 28

Membranous layer that is directly on the heart muscle

Question 29

The most anterior surface of the heart

Answer 29

Sternocostal surface

Question 30

Type II pneumocytes

Answer 30

Cell that secretes a surfactant in the lung

Question 31

Cricoid cartilage

Answer 31

Forms a complete ring around the airway

Question 32

What epithelium are alveoli lined with?

Answer 32

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 33

Contains the openings to the coronary sinus and superior and inferior vena cava

Answer 33

Right atrium

Question 34

Contains the opening to the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary semilunar valve

Answer 34

Right ventricle

Question 35

Contains the openings to the pulmonary veins

Answer 35

Left atrium

Question 36

Contain the opening to the aorta and the aortic semilunar valve

Answer 36

Left ventricle

Question 37

Conduction system of the heart

Answer 37

composed of modified cardiac muscle cells (conducting cells) not visible in dissection spontaneous contraction SA node → AV node → AV bundle → Bundle branches → purkinje fibers

Question 38

Sinoatrial valve

Answer 38

the "pacemaker" controls the rate of contraction (base rate of 50-60/min)

Question 39

3 proteins of plasma

Answer 39

Albumins Globulins Dobro gen

Question 40

What is the sinoatrial node responsible for doing?

Answer 40

It controls the rate of contraction

Question 41

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of what duct?

Answer 41

Thoracic duct

Question 42

The left gastric artery and the splenic artery are branches of?

Answer 42

Celiac trunk

Question 43

Megakaryocytes produce what?

Answer 43

Platelets

Question 44

What tissue provides a supporting framework, forming the storms of the liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes?

Answer 44

Reticular

Question 45

What type of epithelium makes up the endothelium of blood vessels?

Answer 45

Simple squamous

Question 46

What type of artery is the aorta?

Answer 46

Elastic

Question 47

Diastole

Answer 47

Relaxation phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 48

Systole

Answer 48

Contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

Question 49

Parietal pericardium

Answer 49

Lines inner surface of fibrous pericardium

Question 50

Intercalated discs

Answer 50

Connected by gap junctions Myofibrils of the interlocking muscle fibers are anchored at the membrane The provide additional strength from cells bound together by tight junctions

Question 51

The heart is innervated by

Answer 51

Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

Question 52

Abdominal lymph nodes

Answer 52

Filter lymph arriving from the urinalysis and reproductive systems

Question 53

Thoracic lymph nodes

Answer 53

Receive lymph from the lungs, respiratory passageways, and mediastinal structures

Question 54

Spleen

Answer 54

Largest lymphoid organ in the body

Question 55

Inguinal lymph nodes

Answer 55

Monitor lymph arriving at the trunk from the lower limbering

Question 56

Axillary lymph nodes

Answer 56

Filter lymph from the mammary glands in women

Question 57

Which population of lymphocytes assists in the regulation and coordination of the immune response?

Answer 57

Suppressor T cells

Question 58

Thymus gland

Answer 58

Contains stem cells the produce daughter cells that mature into T cells

Question 59

Subcapsular space

Answer 59

A region of lymph node that contains a meshwork of branching reticular fibers, macrophages and dendritic cells