Lecture brain side

Question 1

frontal cortex: acting with subcortical regions (nucleus acumbens) around it is controlling…

Answer 1

behavioural,
cognitive , Motivational control

Question 2

Maybeeeeee learn the picture on p34

Answer 2

ok

Question 3

“Do differences in microbial dopamine precursor synthesis relate to differences in brain responses for reward anticipation?” (mice)

Answer 3

Difference in production phenylalanine was related to brain activity

> observational, don’t know cause or effect

Question 4

In humans, probiotics (vs placebo) have shown to

Answer 4

decrease cognitive reactivity to sad mood
reduce depressive symptoms (depression, IBS)
decrease emotional reactivity
▪ increase associative learning and alter resting EEG

Question 5

What does BH4 do in the gut and how does this influece dopamine/serotonine production?

Answer 5

When there is a low-grade systemic inflammation bc of a leaky gut, the BH4 is used by the inflammatory process, which is normally used to convert precursors to dopamine or serotonine.

More pro-inflammatory cytokines = (theoratically) less BH4

Question 6

In humans, acute-stress paradigms..

Answer 6

• increase intestinal permeability to LPS
  increase IL-6

affect memory performance

Question 7

probiotics can buffer stress-induced disruptions in cognitive control
True/false

Answer 7

true

Question 8

In a healthy young group, probiotics only had a beneficial effect on cognitive control when preceded by acute stress. This effect related to probiotic-induced changes in cognitive responses and in…

Answer 8

relative abundance of a Ruminococcaceae genus

Question 9

What do ruminococcaceae do?

Answer 9

produce intestinal barrier protecting SCFA
= anti-inflammatory microbial metabolites produced from fibres with vitamins as co-enzymes

Question 10

How can we image the briain regions during behavioural/cognitive/motivational control?

Answer 10

fMRI (functional MRI)
PET
MEG
EEG

Question 11

Write down the imaging techniques in descending order, starting with highest spatial resolution (where is the signal coming from?)

Answer 11

1. Functional MRI
2. PET
3. MEG & EEG

Question 12

Write down the imaging techniques in descending order, starting with highest temporal resolution (How long does it take to get a signal?)

Answer 12

1. MEG + EEG (ms)
2. fMRI (s-hr)
3. PET (min - days)

Question 13

What neurotransmitter is sensitive for reward?

Answer 13

dopamine