Lecture 9.2 - Musculoskeletal Flashcards
How many bones in the human body?
206
How much of body weight is made up by muscle?
40-50%
Ligaments vs Tendons
Ligaments are fibrous bands running between bones that strengthen joins and prevented unwanted movement
Tendons connect to muscles and pull the bone with them as they contract
How is ROM and muscle strength graded?
0 - 0%, no contraction
1 - 10%, slight contraction
2 - 25%, Full ROM with passive motion
3 - 50% Full ROM with gravity
4 - 75% Full ROM with gravity, some resistance
5 - 100% Full ROM with gravity, full resistance
Can popping or clicking me normal in TMJ?
Yes, it is in many people.
Examining the TMJ’s ROM allows you to assess which CN?
CN V - Trigeminal
When should you not test for cervical ROM?
If you suspect spinal cord injury.
Which three spheres of cervical motion should be assessed in a ROM test?
Extension/flexion, head rotation, head tilt.
How should the ROM of the elbow be assessed?
- Palpate patient’s elbow at 70° by supporting hand with same hand.
- Assess flexion and extension
- Assess pronation and supination (90° on both sides, 180° total )
- Assess flexion and extension with resistance
How should the ROM of the wrists and fingers be assessed?
- Palpate both surfaces of hand with two hands
- Assess wrist and finger extension and flexion
- Assess fanning of fingers, and finger extension with thumb tucked
- Assess flexion with resistance.
How should ROM of hips be assessed?
Assess hip flexion while patient lies down. Hip flexion should be 90° with knee extended, and 120° with knee flexed.
Internal rotation should be 40° and external should be 45°
Also assess for abduction and adduction.
What range of motion should be seen from the knee?
15° hyperextension is possible for some people.
130° of flexion normal for everyone.
What should be assessed when examining ROM on the ankles and toes?
Palpate joints for swelling, heat, lesions, etc.
Dorsiflexion an plantar flexion, as well as eversion and inversion.
What should be assessed when examining the spine’s position?
All landmarks should be bilaterally symmetrical.
Examine curves of back - convex thoracic curve and concave lumbar curve
What motions should be assessed during an assessment of thoracic and lumbar ROM?
–> Extension (30°) and flexion (90°). –> Lateral bending should be 35° bilaterally
–> Rotation should be 30° bilaterally
What motions should be performed when examining ROM of the shoulders?
Forward flexion and hyperextension,
Interval and external rotation (Behind back and above head), and abduction and adduction
What should be assessed in an alder adult if they are diagnosed with MSK illness or arthritis changes?
Functional ADLs should be assessed.
What is Rheumatoid arthritis? What symptoms will be noticeable?
Chronic systemic inflammation of joints and connective tissue. Symmetrical and bilateral.
Note heat around joints, redness and swelling. Fevers, fatigue, weight changes anorexia might also be present.
What is Osteoporosis? What symptoms will be noticeable?
Decreased skeleton bone mass, characterized by increased fractures - especially in hips, wrist, and vertebrae.
Often asymmetrical - might be unilateral or bilateral.
Known as a “silent disease,” often there are no symptoms until a fracture occurs.
What joints have motions that should only be tested for without resistance?
The cervical spine, shoulder, elbow, wrist & hand, spine, and knee.
Which cervical spine ROM should only be tested for without resistance?
Hyperextension
Which shoulder ROMs should only be tested for without resistance?
Internal and external rotation
Which elbow ROM should only be tested for without resistance?
Supination and pronation
Which wrist and hand ROMs should only be tested for without resistance?
Ulnar & radial deviation and abduction
Which spine ROMs should only be tested for without resistance?
Hyperextension, rotation, and lateral bending
Which knee ROM should only be tested for without resistance?
Hyperextension
