Lecture 9.2 - Musculoskeletal

Question 1

How many bones in the human body?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

How much of body weight is made up by muscle?

Answer 2

40-50%

Question 3

Ligaments vs Tendons

Answer 3

Ligaments are fibrous bands running between bones that strengthen joins and prevented unwanted movement

Tendons connect to muscles and pull the bone with them as they contract

Question 4

How is ROM and muscle strength graded?

Answer 4

0 - 0%, no contraction
1 - 10%, slight contraction
2 - 25%, Full ROM with passive motion
3 - 50% Full ROM with gravity
4 - 75% Full ROM with gravity, some resistance
5 - 100% Full ROM with gravity, full resistance

Question 5

Can popping or clicking me normal in TMJ?

Answer 5

Yes, it is in many people.

Question 6

Examining the TMJ’s ROM allows you to assess which CN?

Answer 6

CN V - Trigeminal

Question 7

When should you not test for cervical ROM?

Answer 7

If you suspect spinal cord injury.

Question 8

Which three spheres of cervical motion should be assessed in a ROM test?

Answer 8

Extension/flexion, head rotation, head tilt.

Question 9

How should the ROM of the elbow be assessed?

Answer 9

1. Palpate patient’s elbow at 70° by supporting hand with same hand.
2. Assess flexion and extension
3. Assess pronation and supination (90° on both sides, 180° total )
4. Assess flexion and extension with resistance

Question 10

How should the ROM of the wrists and fingers be assessed?

Answer 10

1. Palpate both surfaces of hand with two hands
2. Assess wrist and finger extension and flexion
3. Assess fanning of fingers, and finger extension with thumb tucked
4. Assess flexion with resistance.

Question 11

How should ROM of hips be assessed?

Answer 11

Assess hip flexion while patient lies down. Hip flexion should be 90° with knee extended, and 120° with knee flexed.
Internal rotation should be 40° and external should be 45°
Also assess for abduction and adduction.

Question 12

What range of motion should be seen from the knee?

Answer 12

15° hyperextension is possible for some people.
130° of flexion normal for everyone.

Question 13

What should be assessed when examining ROM on the ankles and toes?

Answer 13

Palpate joints for swelling, heat, lesions, etc.
Dorsiflexion an plantar flexion, as well as eversion and inversion.

Question 14

What should be assessed when examining the spine’s position?

Answer 14

All landmarks should be bilaterally symmetrical.
Examine curves of back - convex thoracic curve and concave lumbar curve

Question 15

What motions should be assessed during an assessment of thoracic and lumbar ROM?

Answer 15

–> Extension (30°) and flexion (90°). –> Lateral bending should be 35° bilaterally
–> Rotation should be 30° bilaterally

Question 16

What motions should be performed when examining ROM of the shoulders?

Answer 16

Forward flexion and hyperextension,
Interval and external rotation (Behind back and above head), and abduction and adduction

Question 17

What should be assessed in an alder adult if they are diagnosed with MSK illness or arthritis changes?

Answer 17

Functional ADLs should be assessed.

Question 18

What is Rheumatoid arthritis? What symptoms will be noticeable?

Answer 18

Chronic systemic inflammation of joints and connective tissue. Symmetrical and bilateral.

Note heat around joints, redness and swelling. Fevers, fatigue, weight changes anorexia might also be present.

Question 19

What is Osteoporosis? What symptoms will be noticeable?

Answer 19

Decreased skeleton bone mass, characterized by increased fractures - especially in hips, wrist, and vertebrae.
Often asymmetrical - might be unilateral or bilateral.

Known as a “silent disease,” often there are no symptoms until a fracture occurs.

Question 20

What joints have motions that should only be tested for without resistance?

Answer 20

The cervical spine, shoulder, elbow, wrist & hand, spine, and knee.

Question 21

Which cervical spine ROM should only be tested for without resistance?

Answer 21

Hyperextension

Question 22

Which shoulder ROMs should only be tested for without resistance?

Answer 22

Internal and external rotation

Question 23

Which elbow ROM should only be tested for without resistance?

Answer 23

Supination and pronation

Question 24

Which wrist and hand ROMs should only be tested for without resistance?

Answer 24

Ulnar & radial deviation and abduction

Question 25

Which spine ROMs should only be tested for without resistance?

Answer 25

Hyperextension, rotation, and lateral bending

Question 26

Which knee ROM should only be tested for without resistance?

Answer 26

Hyperextension