Lecture 9: Upper Extremity Arthrology Flashcards
Sternoclavicular Joint (type and ligaments)
- sellar synovial (saddle)
- Anterior/Posterior Sternoclavicular L.
- Interclavicular L.
- Costoclavicular L.
also has articular disc
Acromioclavicular Joint (type and ligaments)
- planar synovial
- Acromioclavicular L.
- Coracoclavicular L. (Trapezoid and Conoid Ls.)
Acromioclavicular Damage (Shoulder Separation) –> 2 types
- Fall on elbow (dislocate joint)
- Fall on shoulder (dislocate joint and rupture coracoclavicular L.)
Glenohumeral Joint (type and ligaments)
- ball and socket (spheroidal synovial)
- Glenoid Labrum
- Transverse Humeral L.
- Coracohumeral L.
- Coracoacromial L. (of Coracoacromial Arch)
- Glenohumeral L.
What prevents superior dislocation of the Glenohumeral Joint?
Coracoacromial Arch
- dislocation normally occurs inferior/anterior
- seen in baseball pitchers
Humeroulnar Joint
- ginglymus synovial (hinge)
- Ulnar Collateral L. of the Elbow
1. Posterior Band (weakest)
2. Anterior Band (strongest)
3. Oblique Band (deepens socket of humeral trochlea)
Humeroradial Joint
- ginglymus synovial (hinge)
- Radial Collateral L. of the Elbow
What causes elbow dislocation?
- tear of Ulnar Collateral L. of elbow due to force on long axis of Forearm
- dislocated posteriorly
Olecranon Bursae (3)
- Subtendinous –> deep to triceps brachii. M.
- Intratendinous –> inside triceps brachii. T.
- Subcutaneous –> in subQ CT above olecranon
What are the two most commonly inflamed bursae?
- Subcutaneous Bursa
2. Biciptoradial Bursa
What is “Student’s/Dart Thrower’s/Miner’s Elbow”?
Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursitis
- from excessive friction between skin and olecranon
Proximal, Middle, and Distal Radioulnar Joints
Proximal: trochoid synovial, Annular L.
Middle: syndesmosis, Oblique Cord, Interosseous M.
Distal: trochoid synovial, articular disc.
Dislocation of the Radial Head (“Nursemaid’s/Pulled Elbow”)
- occurs from pulling on arm of child
- Subluxation –> head below L.
- Dislocation –> head lateral to L.
Radiocarpal Joint (type and ligaments)
- condyloid synovial
- Dorsal/Palmar Ulnocarpal Ls.
- Dorsal/Palmar Radiocarpal Ls.
- Ulnar Collateral L. of the Wrist
- Radial Collateral L. of the Wrist
Intercarpal Joint (type and ligaments)
- planar synovial
- Anterior/Posterior Intercarpal Ls.
- Pisohamate L.
- interosseous membrane
Midcarpal Joint (type and location)
- sellar synovial (saddle; cannot move like saddle joint)
- between proximal and distal carpal rows
Carpometacarpal Joints (2 types and ligaments)
1st Carpometacarpal Joint = saddle joint
2nd-5th Carpometacarpal Joint = Planar synovial
- Dorsal/Palmar Carpometacarpal Ls.
- Radiate Carpal L. (from capitate)
- Pisometacarpal L.
Intermetacarpal Joints (type and ligaments)
- planar synovial
- Dorsal/Palmar Intermetacarpal Ls.
- Interosseous Membrane
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (type and ligaments)
- condylar synovial
- Palmar L. (on anterior side)
- Lateral Collateral L.
- Medial Collateral L.
- Deep Transverse Metacarpal L.
What is “Bull Rider’s Thumb”?
- spain of the Lateral Collateral L. of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint
- common in people who ride Mechanical Bulls
What is “Skier’s/Game-keeper’s Thumb”?
- laxity/rupture of both collateral L. of the 1st metacarpophalangeal Joint
1st Interphalangeal Joint (type and ligaments)
- hinge joint
- Palmar L.
- Lateral Collateral L.
- Medial Collateral L.
2nd-5th Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints (type and ligaments)
- hinge joint
- Palmar L.
- Lateral Collateral L.
- Medial Collateral L.
What is “Mallet/Baseball Finger”?
- avulse attachment of long extensor tendon away from the distal phalanx
- caused by sudden hyperflexion of distal phalanx
Medial Intermuscular Septum of the Brachium
- more neurology and vascularity in this region compared to Lateral
- separates Brachium into Anterior and Posterior compartments
Intermetacarpal Joints (type and ligaments)
- planar synovial
- Dorsal/Palmar Intermetacarpal Ls.
- Interosseous Membrane
Metacarpophalangeal Joints (type and ligaments)
- condylar synovial
- Palmar L. (on anterior side)
- Lateral Collateral L.
- Medial Collateral L.
- Deep Transverse Metacarpal L.
What is “Bull Rider’s Thumb”?
- spain of the Lateral Collateral L. of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint
- common in people who ride Mechanical Bulls
What is “Skier’s/Game-keeper’s Thumb”?
- laxity/rupture of both collateral L. of the 1st metacarpophalangeal Joint
1st Interphalangeal Joint (type and ligaments)
- hinge joint
- Palmar L.
- Lateral Collateral L.
- Medial Collateral L.
2nd-5th Proximal and Distal Interphalangeal Joints (type and ligaments)
- hinge joint
- Palmar L.
- Lateral Collateral L.
- Medial Collateral L.
What is “Mallet/Baseball Finger”?
- avulse attachment of long extensor tendon away from the distal phalanx
- caused by sudden hyperflexion of distal phalanx
Medial Intermuscular Septum of the Brachium
- more neurology and vascularity in this region compared to Lateral
- separates Brachium into Anterior and Posterior compartments
What is a Synovial (Ganglion) Cyst?
- irritation of synovial sheaths causing mucopolysaccharide accumulation
- creates a lump
What is the layering of the Palmar Carpal Ligament with the Flexor Retinaculum?
- Palmar Carpal Ligament is superficial to Flexor Retinaculum
- Flexor Retinaculum also makes up the Transverse Carpal L.
What is the Superficial Transverse Metacarpal L. and what is it attached to?
- base of the palmar aponeurosis
- attached to Palmaris Longus M.
What is Dupuytren Contracture?
- shortening, thickening, fibrosis of Palmar Aponeurosis and Palmar Fascia
- partial flexion of 4th and 5th digits
