Lecture 7: Upper Extremity Osteology

Question 1

What is one of the most commonly fractured bones and what is a “Greenstick” fracture?

Answer 1

clavicle

Greenstick Fracture = incomplete fracture (still partially attached) –> more prevalent in younger children

Question 2

What is the most common fracture site on the Humerus? What is the difference between a Impacted fracture vs a Non-Impacted fracture?

Answer 2

Surgical Neck of the Humerus

Impacted = bones still aligned
Non-Impacted = bones NOT aligned

Question 3

Ulnar N. Compression

Answer 3

• occurs at Groove for Ulnar N. (below medial epicondyle)

- compression is PAINFUL (“funny-bone”)

Question 4

What causes avulsion of the Medial Humeral Epicondyle?

Answer 4

severe abduction of the extended elbow

• many muscles attache here, hard to repair

Question 5

What is “Fractured Elbow”?

Answer 5

• fracture of Olecranon due to falling

- considered avulsion fracture do to forceful nature of Triceps Brachii M. (hard to repair)

Question 6

What is “Colle’s Fracture” and what deformity is associated with it?

Answer 6

• fracture of Distal End of Radius from breaking fall
• “Dinner Fork” deformity
• also break Ulnar Styloid process

Question 7

What is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?

Answer 7

• Scaphoid
• usually result of trying to break a fall
• distal end susceptible to avascular necrosis due to being far from blood supply

Question 8

What structures pass through the Carpal Tunnel?

Answer 8

• Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Superficialis M.
• Flexor Carpi Radialis T.
• Median N.

Question 9

What is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 9

• swelling of tendons in the Carpal Tunnel that compress the Median N. (fix by cutting transverse carpal L)
• parasthesia, anesthesia, pain

Question 10

What is Guyon’s Canal Syndrome?

Answer 10

• compression of Ulnar N. as it passes between Hamulus of Hamate and Pisiform
• manifests as loss of sensation and muscular weakness

Question 11

What is “Boxer’s Fracture”?

Answer 11

• fracture of the head of the 5th metacarpal when someone punches something with a closed fist

Question 12

Distal Phalanx Fracture

Answer 12

• common when slamming fingers in door
• bone fragments must be realigned CAREFULLY to maintain function, due to intricate relationship between Phalanges and flexor tendons

Question 13

Glenoid Labrum Tear

Answer 13

• commonly tears in individuals repeatedly throwing a ball
• in response to sudden contraction of Biceps Brachii M.
• usually in anterosuperior part of Labrum

Question 14

What are the 4 areas of Chondrology in the Upper Extremity?

Answer 14

1. Sternoclavicular Joint (Articular Disc)
2. Acromioclavicular Joint (Articular Disc)
3. Glenoid Labrum (fibrocartilaginous ring around Glen Cavity)
4. Distal Radioulnar Joint (Articular Disc)