Lecture 9 Metabolism 2 Flashcards
Look at the Siderophore Iron Complex Transport between Gram + and Gram -
Look at the Siderophore Iron Complex Transport between Gram + and Gram -
How many ATP molecules are synthesized directly from the oxidation of glucose?
Only 4 ATP molecules
Where is most of the ATP made in the electron transport chain.
When NADH and FADH2 are oxidized
3 ATP can be generated per ___ using ___ as terminal electron acceptor
NADH, O2
Where does the electron transport chain occur?
Mitochondrial membrane in Eukarya
Plasma membrane in Bacteria and Archaea
What is the Chemiosmosis Hypothesis?
Energy released during e- transport used to establish proton gradient and charge difference across membrane (Proton Motive Force) (PMF)
How does the PMF Drive ATP Synthesis?
E- flow causes protons to move outward across membrane, ATP made when they move back in
What is the Multi-subunit protein complex, uses proton movement to catalyze ATP synthesis
F1Fo ATP Synthase
What the the electron carriers in the ETC?
cytochromes and quinones
Look at the mechanism for ETC and Bacterial F1Fo ATP Synthase
Look at the mechanism for ETC and Bacterial F1Fo ATP Synthase
What is the bacterium that can transfer electrons extracellularly onto certain metals?
Shewanella
This bacterium “breathes” metals, much like humans breathe oxygen
Review on how a microbial fuel cell works to capture extracellular electrons to generate electricity
Review on how a microbial fuel cell works to capture extracellular electrons to generate electricity
What are Mudwatts?
Mudwatts are microbial fuel cells that harness the electrogenic potential of soil microbes to produce electrical power.
Organic e- donor that goes through fermentation
Endogenous organic electron acceptor
Organic e- donor that goes through Aerobic respiration
O2
Organic e- donor that goes through Anaerobic respiration
NO3-, SO42-, CO2, fumarate
Inorganic e- donor that goes through Chemolithotrophy
O2, So42-, NO3-
Denitrification
Nitrate (NO3-) as terminal electron acceptor
Reduced to nitrogen gas (N2)
Facultative anaerobe in soil
Depletes soil N, lower crop yield
What is the microbe that uses Denitrification?
Paracoccus denitrificans
Escherichia coli (Facultative anaerobe) can also use Nitrate as e- acceptor
What is Fermentation?
Completion of catabolism without the electron transport system and a terminal electron acceptor
Where does Fermentation happen?
In cytoplasm
What are the products of Fermentation?
-Hydrogens from NADH transferred onto pyruvate
Generates
Fermentation products (lactic acid, ethanol)
NAD+
ATP by SLP
Look over Glycolysis and Fermentation pathways and Products.
Look over Glycolysis and Fermentation pathways and Products.
What are some of the major fermentations that we see in everyday life?
lactic, propionic and ethanolic
What are Chemolithotrophs?
acquire e- from the oxidation of inorganic sources such as H2, NO2 or Fe2+
What are Iron - Oxidizing Bacteria? and what is the example microbe given in lecture?
-Oxidizes iron compounds as e- source using
O2 as e- acceptor
- Oxidation generates insoluble ferric hydroxide (toxic to aquatic life)
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Describe Nitrifying Bacteria
Nitrification: oxidation of ammonia to nitrate - 2 genera work together - Nitrosomonas - ammonia to nitrite - Nitrobacter - nitrite to nitrate -Used to remove ammonia in wastewater Often followed by Denitrification
Describe The Phototrophs
Two parts
- light energy trapped, converted to chemical (light reactions )
- Chemical used to reduce CO2 and synthesize cell material (dark reactions)
- Many phototrophs are also autotrophs
