Lecture 9 Metabolism 2

Question 1

Look at the Siderophore Iron Complex Transport between Gram + and Gram -

Answer 1

Look at the Siderophore Iron Complex Transport between Gram + and Gram -

Question 2

How many ATP molecules are synthesized directly from the oxidation of glucose?

Answer 2

Only 4 ATP molecules

Question 3

Where is most of the ATP made in the electron transport chain.

Answer 3

When NADH and FADH2 are oxidized

Question 4

3 ATP can be generated per ___ using ___ as terminal electron acceptor

Answer 4

NADH, O2

Question 5

Where does the electron transport chain occur?

Answer 5

Mitochondrial membrane in Eukarya

Plasma membrane in Bacteria and Archaea

Question 6

What is the Chemiosmosis Hypothesis?

Answer 6

Energy released during e- transport used to establish proton gradient and charge difference across membrane (Proton Motive Force) (PMF)

Question 7

How does the PMF Drive ATP Synthesis?

Answer 7

E- flow causes protons to move outward across membrane, ATP made when they move back in

Question 8

What is the Multi-subunit protein complex, uses proton movement to catalyze ATP synthesis

Answer 8

F1Fo ATP Synthase

Question 9

What the the electron carriers in the ETC?

Answer 9

cytochromes and quinones

Question 10

Look at the mechanism for ETC and Bacterial F1Fo ATP Synthase

Answer 10

Look at the mechanism for ETC and Bacterial F1Fo ATP Synthase

Question 11

What is the bacterium that can transfer electrons extracellularly onto certain metals?

Answer 11

Shewanella

This bacterium “breathes” metals, much like humans breathe oxygen

Question 12

Review on how a microbial fuel cell works to capture extracellular electrons to generate electricity

Answer 12

Review on how a microbial fuel cell works to capture extracellular electrons to generate electricity

Question 13

What are Mudwatts?

Answer 13

Mudwatts are microbial fuel cells that harness the electrogenic potential of soil microbes to produce electrical power.

Question 14

Organic e- donor that goes through fermentation

Answer 14

Endogenous organic electron acceptor

Question 15

Organic e- donor that goes through Aerobic respiration

Answer 15

O2

Question 16

Organic e- donor that goes through Anaerobic respiration

Answer 16

NO3-, SO42-, CO2, fumarate

Question 17

Inorganic e- donor that goes through Chemolithotrophy

Answer 17

O2, So42-, NO3-

Question 18

Denitrification

Answer 18

Nitrate (NO3-) as terminal electron acceptor
Reduced to nitrogen gas (N2)
Facultative anaerobe in soil
Depletes soil N, lower crop yield

Question 19

What is the microbe that uses Denitrification?

Answer 19

Paracoccus denitrificans

Escherichia coli (Facultative anaerobe)
can also use Nitrate as e- acceptor

Question 20

What is Fermentation?

Answer 20

Completion of catabolism without the electron transport system and a terminal electron acceptor

Question 21

Where does Fermentation happen?

Answer 21

In cytoplasm

Question 22

What are the products of Fermentation?

Answer 22

-Hydrogens from NADH transferred onto pyruvate
Generates
Fermentation products (lactic acid, ethanol)
NAD+
ATP by SLP

Question 23

Look over Glycolysis and Fermentation pathways and Products.

Answer 23

Look over Glycolysis and Fermentation pathways and Products.

Question 24

What are some of the major fermentations that we see in everyday life?

Answer 24

lactic, propionic and ethanolic

Question 25

What are Chemolithotrophs?

Answer 25

acquire e- from the oxidation of inorganic sources such as H2, NO2 or Fe2+

Question 26

What are Iron - Oxidizing Bacteria? and what is the example microbe given in lecture?

Answer 26

-Oxidizes iron compounds as e- source using
O2 as e- acceptor
- Oxidation generates insoluble ferric hydroxide (toxic to aquatic life)

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Question 27

Describe Nitrifying Bacteria

Answer 27

Nitrification: oxidation of ammonia to nitrate
- 2 genera work together
- Nitrosomonas - ammonia to nitrite
- Nitrobacter - nitrite to nitrate
-Used to remove ammonia in wastewater
Often followed by Denitrification

Question 28

Describe The Phototrophs

Answer 28

Two parts

• light energy trapped, converted to chemical (light reactions )
• Chemical used to reduce CO2 and synthesize cell material (dark reactions)
• Many phototrophs are also autotrophs