Lecture 1 Flashcards
Name the three domains of life.
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
What is the phylogenic tree based on?
Sequence and analysis of small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes
Name the Four Major groups of microbes.
Prokaryotic - no membrane bound nucleus
(Bacteria and Archaea)
Eukaryotic - Membrane - bound nucleus
(Protists, Fungi)
What did Robert Hooke do?
First to describe microbes (observed eukaryotic fungi)
What did Anthony van Leeuwenhoek do?
First to see prokaryotic bacteria
Describe Spontaneous Generation?
Living organisms could develop from nonliving matter.
What did Spallanzani think about spontaneous generation.
- Microbes will grow in flask of meat broth
- No growth in flask first sealed and boiled
What did Pasteur think about spontaneous generation.
- Microbes won’t grow in boiled broth until introduced from outside
- Air carries germs!
Describe Pasteur’s Experiment.
Swan neck flask,
Neck attached = Broth Sterile
Neck broken = Broth contaminated growth occurs
What did Joseph Lister do?
Surgical procedures to prevent wound infections.
What is Koch’s Postulate
- ) The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease but absent from healthy organisms
- ) The suspected microorganism must be isolated and grown in a pure culture
- ) The same disease must result when the isolated microorganism is inoculated into a healthy host
- ) The same microorganism must be isolated again from the diseased host
What did Jenner do?
- Material from cowpox lesions protects against smallpox
- First vaccine (Latin vacca - cow)
What did Metchnikoff do?
- Discovered bacteria - engulfing, human cells called macrophages
What did Winogradsky do?
Isolated bacteria that oxidize inorganic compunds (Fe and S) for energy. s
What did Beijerinck do?
- Isolated nitrogen - fixing bacteria.
- Reduce nitrogen - fixing bacteria
