Lecture 9: Learning pt 2

Question 1

What is associative learning food aversion?

Answer 1

-Novel yellow plant includes toxin (US)
-Gastrointestinal illness/vomiting (UR)
-Novel taste of the yellow plant (CS)
-Aversion (CR)
Automatic response powerful 1 time and won’t touch again

Question 2

What was the type of aversion learning from study of rats that stopped drinking water that was exposed to radiation bc it made them sick?

Answer 2

-Ingestional aversion leanring

Question 3

What features does taste aversion learning share with Pavlovian conditioning?

Answer 3

a. Generalization: Compare different flavours tendency of a learned aversion to similarity how you perceive it
B. Extinction: Weakening of established response (can persist over years)
C. Latent inhibition: reduces likelihood of conditioning

Question 4

What are the usual features of state aversion learning?

Answer 4

A. Single-trial leaning (w/ goal substance paired and increase with severity of sickness)
B. Selective associability (associated with GI illnesses, helps identify food, sickness behaviour liked to gut when you consume something)
C. Long-delay learning (digestive or absorption process takes time could be delay of hours, subconscious leaning woks in Euth animals)
D. Does not require cognitive learning-subconscious process

Question 5

What was the signifiant of the cattle and larkspur plant?

Answer 5

-Cattle can be intoxicated by eating plants in short period of time
-Consumption of lankspur causes cattle deaths on mountain ranges
-Rate of metabolite exceeds rate of excretion
-Objective of the study was to determine whether or not cattle could be conditioned to avoid eating Larkspur

Question 6

Study of 3 different treatment groups, 10 heifers, fresh plants in the bloom stage (pen trial followed by field trail). Explain further.

Answer 6

-5 heifers-larkspur consumption + intaruminal infusion of 8% LiCl (makes them feel sick)
-5 Heiffers-larkspur consumption + instrumental infusion of distilled water
-the conducting producer was repeated 6 times at 2 to 3 day intervals
-Results condition cattle to avoid eating plant
-1-2yr after still avoided eating in field very powerful study
-Same thing with video we watched about lambs, given toxin water eating plant and they avoid the plants

Question 7

What are conditioned food preferences?

Answer 7

A. Mere exposure (consume repeatedly same food, familiar so going to choose again)
B. Medicine effect (link vit in diet so know taste and choose it)
D. Flavour-nutrient learning with respect to calories
C. Flavour-flavour learning

Question 8

What is flavour nutrient learning?

Answer 8

-A cue flavour becomes associated with post-ingestive feedback of food containing calories
-Consequence of food with respect to calories
-Imagine extremely hungry-food deprived, food consumption is a strong food response
(positive feedback)
-Post-ingestive feedback from starch, sheep strongly preferred flavours that were paired with glucose to flavours that were paired with non-nutritive sweetener saccharin

Question 9

What are the conditioned food preferences: characteristics?

Answer 9

A. Number of trials
-# of trials has been systematically investigated ex flavour-flavour:raid; flavour nutrient:small number of trials
B. Formed with a delay?
Flavour-Nutrient-Learning:depends on post-ingestive feedback: needs time
Flavour-Flavour Learning: Learning is not possible with a delay
C. Resistant to extinction?
-Flavour preferences can be eliminated by several training and taste-avoidance learning

Question 10

What is flavour-flavour/taste learning?

Answer 10

-Two stimuli are presented in a compound
-2 flavours are given at the same time
-Increases familiarity which increases consumption