Lecture 5: Intro to Behaviour pt.4 Flashcards
What are the different kinds of behaviour measurements?
Quantitative
-How long?
-How often?
-How quickly?
Qualitative (line burs with anthropomorphism)
-Whole animal approch
-Descriptive terms
-Qualitative behavioural assessment (QBA)
What is qualitative behavioural assessment?
Continuum or scale, less binary. Used with physiological or qualitative measurement
ex Not relaxed———Completely relaxed
What is an ethogram?
‘A catalogue of descriptions of the discrete, species typical behaviour patterns that form the basic behavioural repertoire of the species’. or
‘Serves as an inventory for the behaviour of a particular species’.
What is the difference between states and events?
Sates: have a duration, long (ex % of time), should be mutually exclusive
Events: instantaneous, short (ex frequency per unit of time)
-Single events: Yawn, peck
-Bouts: sneezing
What Is the difference between an actor and recipient?
Actor: animal that imitates the behaviour
Recipient: animal that receives/subject of the behaviour
What are some other considerations for ethograms?
Two important behaviours:
-Other; not listed in ethogram and you can’t edit once study has started
-Out of sight; animal 1/2 in view of camera
-Avoid ambiguity/being vague: cow defined as walking by taking 3 or more steps
What are some possible outcomes?
-Presence or absence of certain behaviour
-Frequency of occurrence of certain behaviour
-Duration of each bout of behaviour
-Intensity of the behaviour
-Latency of occurrence of the behaviour (pecking can be general–severe or last longer then a min but up to researcher)
-Timing and nature of subsequent behaviours
-Timing and nature of behaviour changes in relation to physiological changes
How do you design an ethogram?
-100h of observations
-Reviewed by 18 experts
-38 play behaviours
-Object play
-Sexual play
-Locomotor play
-Play fighting
What are the 2 different rules for behaviour recording?
Sampling rules (who, what)
-Ad lib sampling
-Focal sampling
-Scan sampling
-Behaviour sampling
Recording rules (when)
-Continuous
-Time sampling
-Instantaneous sampling
-One-zero sampling
What are sampling rules for Ad lib sampling?
-Ad libitum-“freely as much as you desire, without restriction”
-Includes states and events
-Often used in field studies when generating an ethogram for basic info nothing too specific
What are sampling rules for Focal sampling?
-Focus on 1 specific individual, dyad (pair), group, unit
-States and events
-Often used for social interactions (quick so need to focus on one individual or animals that interact with your animal)
What are sampling rules for Scan sampling?
-Group of animals is scanned
-Usually states (easier bc not changing)
-Often used for time budgets, synchrony (ex prof scanning the audience to see who has their hand up at that specific time)
-used for larger groups (ex birds)
What are sampling rules for Behaviour sampling?
-Specific behaviours of interest are recorded
-Usually events (bc quick must be focused on picking up events)
-Also called ‘all occurrence sampling
What are behaviour recording rules for continuous recording?
-For a specific amount of time
-Can get TRUE frequencies, latencies, durations since you have a stop watch
-Can be 10min, 1hr but longer is harder to catch everything
What are behaviour recording rules for time sampling recording?
Instantaneous sampling:
-At pre-determined intervals (you set ex 30 sec, 5min)
-Like looking up and taking a snapshot
-Also called ‘point sampling’ or ‘fixed-interval time point sampling’
-If behaviour not changing can increase interval or decrease interval
-Score is proportional of all sample points on which behaviour happened
One-Zero sampling:
-During pre-determined intervals like above
-Did the behaviour occur “yes” or “no”
-Score proportional of all sample points on which behaviour happened
-Ex Did anyone raise hand in class?
