Lecture 9: Hematopoietic System Flashcards
What are red blood cells called?
Erythrocytes
What are platelets called?
Thrombocytes
Where are erythrocytes and thrombocytes made?
In the red bone marrow
What are white blood cells called?
Leukocytes
Whre are leukocytes produced?
In red bone marrow and lymphoid tissue
What do erythrocytes contain?
Hemoglobin
What is hemoglobin?
An iron based protein that carries oxygen to the body’s tissue
What does blood transport?
Nutrients, hormones, gases and wastes around the body
What are the immunological functions of blood?
Regulates pH, temperature and other internal conditions
What are the components of blood?
Plasma, platelets, leukocytes and erythrocytes
What are the types of leukocytes?
Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes
What are diseases of red blood cells?
Anemia and polycythemia
What is anemia?
A decrease in the amout of oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the peripheral blood
What are the types of anemia?
- Iron deficiency
- Hemolytic
- Megaloblastic
- Aplastic
- Myelophthisic
What is the most common type of anemia?
Iron deficiency anemia
What is hemolytic anemia?
A blood disorder characterized by the destruction of red blood cells faster than they can be produced by the bone marrow
What is hemolytic anemia caused by?
Genetic conditions, autoimmune disorders, infections and certain medications
What are the symptoms of hemolytic anemia?
Fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath and dark colored urine
What are the major hereditary forms of hemolytic anemia?
- Spherocytosis
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thalassemia
What is spherocytosis characterized by?
Most spherical shaped blood cells without concavity
What is sickle cell anemia?
An inherited blood disorders where the blood cells become sickled and causes frequent infections, swelling, pain, severe tiredness and delayed growth
What is thalassemia?
An inherited blood disorder that affects the body’s ability to produce hemoglobin and leading to reduced red blood cell production
What are the two main types of thalassemia?
Alpha and beta
What are the treatment options for thalassemia?
Blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy and transplants
What is megaloblastic anemia?
Vitamin B12 deficiency
What is aplastic anemia?
Bone marrow failure
What is Myelophthisic anemia?
Infiltration of bone marrow with nonhematopoietic cells
What is polycythemia?
An increased production of erythrocytes, granulocytes and platelets
What is the primary form of hyperplasia?
Characterized by hyperplasia of the bone marrow
What is the secondary form of hyperplasia?
Is the result of long-term inadequate oxygen supply in patients with severe chronic pulmonary diseases
What are diseases of white blood cells?
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Infectious mononucleosis
What is leukemia?
Neoplastic proliferation of white blood cells
What are the two major types of leukemia?
Myelocytic and lymphatic leukemia
What is myelocytic leukemia?
Cancer of the bone marrow
What is lymphatic leukemia?
A malignancy of the lymph node
What do the excessive WBCs of leukemia cause?
A decrease in circulating RBCs and platelets
What is lymphoma?
Neoplasm of the lymphoreticular systems, which includes lymph nodes, spleen and lymphoid tissues of parencymal organs
Where are lymphomas derived from?
B and T cells
What are the two major types of lymphoma?
Hodgkins and Non-hodgkins
What is hodgkins lymphoma?
Spread in a continuous manner to nearby lymph nodes but rarely involve extranodal sites
What is non-hodgkins lymphoma?
Can sometimes spread non-continuously and can involve extranodal sites
What is the most common radiographic finding in lymphoma?
Mediastinal lymph node enlargement
What are signs and symptoms of lymphoma?
Swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, weightloss, shortness of breath, abdominal pain, muscle weakness
What is infectious mononucleosis?
Commonly known as mono, is a contagious disease primarly caused by the Epstein Barr virus
How does infectious mono spread?
Through saliva
What are symptoms of infectious mononucleousis?
Fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes and fatigue with recovery in 2-4 weeks
What are diseases of platelets?
- Hemophilia
- Purpura (thrombocytopenia)
What is hemophilia?
An inherited anomaly of blood coagulation typically in males
What is hemophilia characterized by?
A decreased or absent serum concentration of antihemophilic globulin (factor VIII) causing spontaneous hemorrhage or severe bleeding from minor injuries
What is Purpura?
A deficiency in the number of platelets
- decreased production
- increased destruction
- splenic sequestration
What does purpura result in?
Spontaneous hemorrhage in the skin, mucous membranes of the mouth and internal organs
