Lecture 9 - Gait Analysis

Question 1

what is gait analysis

Answer 1

the analysis of body segments through space and time during locomotion

Question 2

walking is often assessed to :

Answer 2

• monitor rehabilitation
• detect motor dysfunction
• evaluate equipment

Question 3

running often assessed to :

Answer 3

• help avoid potential injury
• improve comfort
• improve performance
• evaluate equipment

Question 4

what is one gait cycle

Answer 4

ground contact to next ground contact of the same foot

Question 5

what is stance phase

Answer 5

ground contact to toe off

Question 6

what if swing phase

Answer 6

toe off to ground contact

Question 7

what in walking is replaced by what in running

Answer 7

double stance in walking is replaced by flight phase in running

Question 8

what are the key events in stance phase (walking)

Answer 8

• ground strike
• foot flat
• mid stance
• heel off
• toe off

Question 9

what is ground strike in stance phase (walking)

Answer 9

initial ground contact usually with heel

Question 10

what is foot flat in stance phase (walking)

Answer 10

heel down, foot eversion / pronation

Question 11

what is mid stance in stance phase (walking)

Answer 11

support foot under pelvis, end of loading response, propulsion begins

Question 12

what is heel off in stance phase (walking)

Answer 12

knee flexes usually with toe extension

Question 13

what is toe off in stance phase (walking)

Answer 13

foot leaves the ground

Question 14

what are the sub phases of swing phase (walking and running)

Answer 14

• early swing
• mid swing
• late swing

Question 15

what is early swing (sub phase of swing phase - walking and running)

Answer 15

hip and knee are flexing

Question 16

what is mid swing (sub phase of swing phase - walking and running)

Answer 16

foot swings under pelvis, max knee flexion, hip still flexing

Question 17

what is late swing (sub phase of swing phase - walking and running)

Answer 17

knee extending, hip stops flexing and laterally rotates

Question 18

what is the difference in balance between walking and running

Answer 18

balance more important in running, no double stance

Question 19

what is the difference in vertical displacement between running and walking

Answer 19

greater vertical displacement in running because of flight phase

Question 20

what is the difference in muscle energy between walking and running

Answer 20

muscles must generate and absorb more energy in running

Question 21

what is the difference in hip and knee extension in walking and running

Answer 21

greater hip extension before ground strike, knee extended at toe off

Question 22

what is step length

Answer 22

distance between consecutive ground strikes

Question 23

what is stride length

Answer 23

distance between consecutive ground strikes of same leg

Question 24

what is foot angle in gait analysis

Answer 24

orientation of foot (long axis) relative to line of progression

Question 25

what is base (step) width

Answer 25

mediolateral distance between ground strikes (from heel) of each foot

Question 26

what is step or stride time

Answer 26

time between ground strikes

Question 27

what is single or double support time

Answer 27

time body is supported by one to two legs

Question 28

what is swing or flight time

Answer 28

time one or both legs are not in ground contact

Question 29

what is stride frequency

Answer 29

strides per second