Lecture 9 - Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb Flashcards
Type of joint:
Immovable: bones are attached by dense connective tissue (fibrous tissue)
Fibrous Joints
3 types of fibrous joints
Suture -Formed by the bones of the skull Gomphosis -Peg fits into socket Syndesmosis -Joining of two bones by an interosseous membrane -Permits slight movement
Type of Joint:
Two bones are joined by cartilage
More mobile than fibrous joints
Cartilaginous Joints
2 types of cartilaginous joints
Primary (synchondrosis) -Bones are connected by hyaline cartilage ---Sternocostal joint ---Fusion of long bones Secondary (symphysis) -Fibrocartilaginous joints ---Pubic symphysis ---Intervertebral disk
Type of joint:
Free mobile joints
-Movement is restricted by muscles & ligaments
Enclosed by a joint capsule, lines with synovial membrane
-Secretes synovial fluid that lubricates and nourishes articulating surfaces
Articular surface of bones involved are covered in hyaline cartilage
-To reduce friction
Synovial joints
Type of lever:
The fulcrum is between resistance and effort
First order lever
ex. teeter totter
Bones act as the lever, Joints act as the ______.
Fulcrum
Type of lever:
The resistance is in between fulcrum and effort
Second order lever
ex. wheelbarrow
Type of lever:
The effort is between resistance and fulcrum
Third order lever
ex. arm lifting a weight
Motion of sternoclavicular joint
Predominantly in the anteroposterior and vertical planes
Some rotation
Motion of acromioclavicular joint
Anteroposterior and vertical planes
Some slight axial rotation
Shoulder separation happens at which joint(s)?
Acromioclavicular (AC) joint along with coracoclavicular joint
Shoulder seperation grade:
Partially stretched AC ligament
Coracoclavicular ligaments intact
Type I
Shoulder seperation grade:
Torn AC ligament with some displacement
Coracoclavicular ligaments intact
Type II
Shoulder seperation grade:
Complete separation of joint. AC and coracoclavicular ligaments torn
Type III
Shoulder dislocation happens at which joint?
Glenohumeral (GH) joint
Shoulder dislocation susceptible when shoulder is in which position?
ABDUCTION & EXTERNAL Rotation
What nerve may be damged in shoulder dislocation due to the strong pec major pulls the humerus anterosuperiorly
Axillary nerve
Anarticulation is formed by the convex surface of the posterior thoracic cage and the concave surface of the anterior scapula
More specifically, with the gliding surfaces formed by the subscapularis and the serratus anterior on this joint
Thoraco-scapular (TS) Joint
Epicondyles attachment on humerus used for what movements?
Medial: attachment for flexors
Lateral: attachment for extensors
Elbow dislocations occur primarily where?
90% of them occur posteriorly
What nerve and artery can be injured in elbow dislocation
Brachial artery and medial nerve
Proximal radioulnar joint:
Head of radius held in place by what ligament
Annular ligament
radial head subluxation
More specifically, dislocation or subluxation of radial head from annular ligament, this is also known as what?
Nursemaid’s Elbow
Common in young children when the child is suddenly lifted by the hand and the forearm is pronated
