Lecture 5: Intro to Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Found on bone exterior, strong densely packed with continuous matrix

Answer 1

Compact bone

Question 2

Connected by trabeculae, lighter in weight than compact bone

Answer 2

Cancellous bone

Question 3

Main shaft of cortical bone, hollow cylinder filled with yellow marrow (fat)

Answer 3

Diaphysis

Question 4

Enlarged ends of the bone, mostly spongy, have attatchments for ligaments and tendons, spaces between trabeculae filled with red marrow (formation of blood cellular components

Answer 4

Epiphysis

Question 5

A tough membrane of dense, irregular, fibrous CT that covers the entire bone except at joint surfaces.
Functions:
-Anchors ligaments and tendons to the bone
-Involved in bone formation & repair

Answer 5

Periosteum

Question 6

A thin CT membrane that lines the medullary cavity and functions in bone growth & remodeling

Answer 6

Endosteum

Question 7

Type of joint: Bones are held together very tightly by dense, fibrous CT

Answer 7

Fibrous

Question 8

Type of joint: Bones held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage

Answer 8

Cartilaginous

Question 9

Type of joint: Complex, fluid-filled joint structure

Answer 9

Synovial

Question 10

An immoveable joint (or one with extremely limited ROM)

Answer 10

Synarthrosis

Question 11

A joint that allows some slight movement, but has no articular cavity or synovial fluid

Answer 11

Amphiarthrosis

Question 12

A freely moveable joint

Answer 12

Diarthrosis

Question 13

Sutures of skull

Answer 13

Fibrous synarthrotic

Question 14

Gomphosis ex. teeth

Answer 14

Fibrous synarthrotic

Question 15

Syndesmosis ex. radius-ulna or distal tibia-fibula,

Answer 15

Fibrous Amphiarthrotic

Question 16

Synchondrosis ex. metaphysis (growth plate) (temporary)

Answer 16

Cartilaginous Synarthrotic

Question 17

Symphysis ex. pubic symphysis, iv discs (permanent)

Answer 17

Cartiliganous Amphiarotic

Question 18

All synovial joints

Answer 18

Diarthrotic

Question 19

Permits flexion & extension like elbow joint

Answer 19

Hinge

Question 20

Rotation around a central axis like median atlantoaxial joint (rotate head)

Answer 20

Pivot

Question 21

Acromiclavicular joint (clavicle & scapula)

Answer 21

Gliding

Question 22

Permits adduction & abduction as well as flexion & extension like carpometacarpal joint of thumb

Answer 22

Saddle

Question 23

Permits adduction & abduction as well as flexion & extension like knuckle joints

Answer 23

Condyloid

Question 24

Permits adduction & abduction, flexion & extension as well as lateral & medial rotation like hip joint

Answer 24

Ball and Socket

Question 25

Skeletal muscle layers outer to inner

Answer 25

Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium

Question 26

provide good range of motion but relatively weak contractions

Answer 26

Parallel fibers

Question 27

shorter range of movement but stronger contractions

Answer 27

Pennate muscles

Question 28

the muscle is changing in force, but not in length. no movement

Answer 28

Isometric

Question 29

the muscle remains at a constant force, but changes in length

Answer 29

Isotonic

Question 30

Type of isotonic contraction - muscle shortening

Answer 30

Concentric

Question 31

Type of isotonic contraction - muscle lengthening

Answer 31

Eccentric

Question 32

a contracting muscle is incapable of shortening enough to produce all of the motion available at a joint it crosses (e.g., contraction of the hamstrings to flex the knee when the hip is extended) > muscle acts at both joints

Answer 32

Active insufficiency

Question 33

a non-contracting muscle cannot stretch enough to allow the contracting muscle on the opposite side of the joint to shorten as much as possible (e.g., stretch of the quadriceps femoris when the knee is being flexed) > antagonist

Answer 33

Passive insufficiency