Lecture 5: Intro to Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Found on bone exterior, strong densely packed with continuous matrix
Compact bone
Connected by trabeculae, lighter in weight than compact bone
Cancellous bone
Main shaft of cortical bone, hollow cylinder filled with yellow marrow (fat)
Diaphysis
Enlarged ends of the bone, mostly spongy, have attatchments for ligaments and tendons, spaces between trabeculae filled with red marrow (formation of blood cellular components
Epiphysis
A tough membrane of dense, irregular, fibrous CT that covers the entire bone except at joint surfaces.
Functions:
-Anchors ligaments and tendons to the bone
-Involved in bone formation & repair
Periosteum
A thin CT membrane that lines the medullary cavity and functions in bone growth & remodeling
Endosteum
Type of joint: Bones are held together very tightly by dense, fibrous CT
Fibrous
Type of joint: Bones held together by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Cartilaginous
Type of joint: Complex, fluid-filled joint structure
Synovial
An immoveable joint (or one with extremely limited ROM)
Synarthrosis
A joint that allows some slight movement, but has no articular cavity or synovial fluid
Amphiarthrosis
A freely moveable joint
Diarthrosis
Sutures of skull
Fibrous synarthrotic
Gomphosis ex. teeth
Fibrous synarthrotic
Syndesmosis ex. radius-ulna or distal tibia-fibula,
Fibrous Amphiarthrotic
Synchondrosis ex. metaphysis (growth plate) (temporary)
Cartilaginous Synarthrotic
Symphysis ex. pubic symphysis, iv discs (permanent)
Cartiliganous Amphiarotic
All synovial joints
Diarthrotic
Permits flexion & extension like elbow joint
Hinge
Rotation around a central axis like median atlantoaxial joint (rotate head)
Pivot
Acromiclavicular joint (clavicle & scapula)
Gliding
Permits adduction & abduction as well as flexion & extension like carpometacarpal joint of thumb
Saddle
Permits adduction & abduction as well as flexion & extension like knuckle joints
Condyloid
Permits adduction & abduction, flexion & extension as well as lateral & medial rotation like hip joint
Ball and Socket
Skeletal muscle layers outer to inner
Epimysium
Perimysium
Endomysium
provide good range of motion but relatively weak contractions
Parallel fibers
shorter range of movement but stronger contractions
Pennate muscles
the muscle is changing in force, but not in length. no movement
Isometric
the muscle remains at a constant force, but changes in length
Isotonic
Type of isotonic contraction - muscle shortening
Concentric
Type of isotonic contraction - muscle lengthening
Eccentric
a contracting muscle is incapable of shortening enough to produce all of the motion available at a joint it crosses (e.g., contraction of the hamstrings to flex the knee when the hip is extended) > muscle acts at both joints
Active insufficiency
a non-contracting muscle cannot stretch enough to allow the contracting muscle on the opposite side of the joint to shorten as much as possible (e.g., stretch of the quadriceps femoris when the knee is being flexed) > antagonist
Passive insufficiency
