Lecture 1: Intro to anatomy

Question 1

Anatomical Planes:
Median
Sagittal
Frontal (Coronal)
Transverse (Horizontal, axial)

Answer 1

Median: divides body into right & left
Sagittal: parallel with median plane
Frontal (Coronal): at right angles to median plane; divides body into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions
Transverse: at right angles to both the median and frontal planes; divides body into superior (rostal or cranial) and inferior (caudal) portions

Question 2

Name the 4 types of tissues

Answer 2

• Epithelial
• Connective
• Muscle
• Nervous tissue

Question 3

2 types of fascia

Answer 3

-Superficial
(subcutaneous tissue (hypoderm),
loose connective tissue & adipose tissue (fat)
containing branches of cutaneous blood & lymphatic vessels & nerves
Role in padding & thermoregulation (insulator))

-Deep
(Dense connective tissue
covers bones, muscles, nerves, vessels & viscera
Limits spread of infection & cancer)

Question 4

Serous Membranes

Answer 4

Sacs of delicate connective tissue membrane capable of secreting fluid to lubricate a smooth internal surface that is collapsed
Types:
Bursae : areas of friction (example: between skin & bone)
Synovial sheath: around tendons (example wrist & hand)
Pleura, pericardium, peritoneum: around viscera (organs) of body cavities

Question 5

Anastomoses

Answer 5

communications between multiple branches of an artery; usually very small

Question 6

Blood flow arteries starting at arch of aorta

Answer 6

(Right) Arch of Aorta > Braciocephalic artery > Right common carotid artery OR Right subclavian artery > Axillary artery > brachial artery
(Left) Arch of Aorta > Left Common Carotid artery OR Left subclavian artery > axillary artery > brachial artery

Question 7

Musculovenous pump

Answer 7

Allows venous return - The deep fascia, contracting muscles & venous valves work together as a musculovenous pump to return blood to heart. Especially true for lower limbs.

Question 8

Venae Comitantes

Answer 8

Veins that form around an artery

Question 9

Right lymphatic duct

Answer 9

Right side of head, neck, upper limb, thorax & upper superficial abdominal wall drain on right side via the right lymphatic duct .
-1/4 of drainage

Question 10

Thoracic duct

Answer 10

Drain the remaining 3/4 of the body

Question 11

Each axon is surrounded by

Answer 11

Endoneurium

Question 12

Axons are organized in individual bundles (fascicle) ensheathed in

Answer 12

Perineurium

Question 13

Surrounds the bundles along with the blood vessels supplying the nerve (vasa nervosum) & lymphatics.

Answer 13

Epineurium